Hyperuniform and nearly hyperuniform random network materials
This invention is in the field of physical chemistry and relates to novel hyperuniform and nearly hyperuniform random network materials and methods of making said materials. Methods are described for controlling or altering the band gap of a material, and in particular commercially useful materials such as amorphous silicon. These methods can be exploited in the design of semiconductors, transistors, diodes, solar cells and the like.
1. A composition comprising annealed amorphous silicon, wherein the observed value S(k→0) is less than 0.035.
2. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the observed value S(k→0) is less than 0.028.
3. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the observed value S(k→0) is less than 0.016.
4. The composition of claim 1 , wherein the observed value S(k→0) is approximately 0.0075.
5. A method comprising:
a) thermal annealing amorphous silicon for at least one hour under conditions that produce annealed amorphous silicon having an observed value S(k→0) less than 0.035, and
b) measuring the degree of hyperuniformity of said annealed amorphous silicon.
6. The method of claim 5 , wherein hyperuniformity is measured by determining the observed value S(k→0).
7. The method of claim 6 , wherein the observed value S(k→0) is less than 0.028.
8. The method of claim 6 , wherein the observed value S(k→0) is less than 0.016.
9. The method of claim 6 , wherein the observed value S(k→0) is approximately 0.0075.
10. The method of claim 5 , wherein said thermal annealing is under pressure.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein said pressure compresses said amorphous silicon by from 6% to 10%.
12. The method of claim 10 , wherein said pressure is from 10 to 30 gigapascals (GPa).
13. The method of claim 5 , wherein said thermal annealing is between 400° and 800° Centigrade.
14. The method of claim 5 , further comprising quenching said annealed amorphous silicon.
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein said quenching is at zero pressure.
16. The method of claim 14 , wherein said quenching is under pressure.
17. The method of claim 16 , wherein said pressure compresses said annealed amorphous silicon by from 6% to 10%.
18. The method of claim 16 , wherein said pressure is from 10 to 30 gigapascals (GPa).
19. A composition comprising annealed amorphous silicon produced by the method of claim 5 , and having an observed value S(k→0) less than 0.028.
20. A method comprising:
a) thermal annealing amorphous silicon for at least one hour under pressure to produce annealed amorphous silicon, and
b) quenching said annealed amorphous silicon under pressure to produce quenched annealed amorphous silicon having an observed value S(k→0) less than 0.028.
21. The method of claim 20 , further comprising measuring the degree of hyperuniformity of one or both of said annealed amorphous silicon, and said quenched annealed amorphous silicon.
22. A composition comprising quenched annealed amorphous silicon produced by the method of claim 21 , and having an observed value S(k→0) less than 0.028.