Lithium batteries having artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane for anode protection
A rechargeable lithium battery includes a lithium anode, a cathode, and a separator interposed between the lithium anode and the cathode. The separator includes a porous polymer soaked with a liquid electrolyte. The lithium battery further includes an artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane interposed between the lithium anode and the separator. The artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane may be a composite of a carbonaceous material, a high shear modulus conducting polymer, and a conductive additive.
1. A lithium battery comprising:
a lithium anode;
a cathode;
a separator interposed between the lithium anode and the cathode; and
an artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane interposed between the lithium anode and the separator,
wherein the artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane is a homogeneous semiconducting composite of graphite, poly(3-hexylthiophene), and methanofullerene phenyl-C 61 -butyric-acid-methyl-ester.
2. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the poly(3-hexylthiophene) has a shear modulus of at least 10 8 Pa.
3. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide, lithium oxide, lithium sulfide, or iron phthalocyanine.
4. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the separator is a porous polymer soaked with a liquid electrolyte.
5. The lithium battery of claim 4 , wherein:
the porous polymer comprises polypropylene; and
the liquid electrolyte comprises a mixture of lithium hexafluoroarsenate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, and ethylmethyl carbonate.
6. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the lithium battery has a Coulombic Efficiency of 99%.
7. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane consists of the homogeneous semiconducting composite.
8. The lithium battery of claim 1 , wherein the artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane is prepared by:
combining the graphite, the poly(3-hexylthiophene), and the methanofullerene phenyl-C 61 -butyric-acid-methyl-ester to form a mixture;
homogenizing the mixture;
applying the mixture onto the lithium anode; and
drying the mixture to form the artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane.
9. The lithium battery of claim 8 , wherein the poly(3-hexylthiophene) has a shear modulus of at least 10 8 Pa.
10. The lithium battery of claim 8 , wherein the artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane is a homogenous semiconducting matrix.
11. A rechargeable lithium battery comprising:
an anode current collector;
a cathode current collector;
a lithium anode adjacent to the anode-side current collector and interposed between the cathode current collector and the anode current collector;
a cathode adjacent to the cathode-side current collector and interposed between the cathode current collector and the anode current collector;
a separator interposed between the lithium anode and the cathode; and
an artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane interposed between the anode and the separator, wherein the artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane is a homogeneous semiconducting composite of graphite, poly(3-hexylthiophene), and methanofullerene phenyl-C 61 -butyric-acid-methyl-ester.
12. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 11 , wherein:
the anode current collector is copper;
the cathode current collector is aluminum;
the lithium anode is metallic lithium;
the cathode comprises lithium cobalt oxide;
the separator is a porous polymer soaked with a liquid electrolyte;
the porous polymer comprises polypropylene; and
the liquid electrolyte comprises a mixture of lithium hexafluoroarsenate, ethylene carbonate, dimethylene carbonate, and ethylmethyl carbonate.
13. The rechargeable lithium battery of claim 11 , wherein the artificial solid electrolyte interphase membrane consists of the homogeneous semiconducting composite.