Oil-in-water stable, emulsified spacer fluids
Some embodiments described herein provide a method comprising method comprising providing an oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid comprising a binary surfactant mixture, solvent non-aqueous base fluid, and an aqueous base fluid, wherein the binary surfactant mixture comprises a surfactant and an amphiphilic co-surfactant, wherein the surfactant is present in an amount in the range of from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid and wherein the amphiphilic co-surfactant is present in an amount in the range of from about 0.5% to about 30% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid, and introducing the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid into a subterranean formation comprising a residual non-aqueous fluid therein, wherein the binary surfactant mixture in the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid emulsifies at least a portion of the residual non-aqueous fluid.
1. A method comprising:
providing an oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid comprising a binary surfactant mixture, solvent non-aqueous base fluid, a weighting agent, and an aqueous base fluid,
wherein the binary surfactant mixture comprises a surfactant and an amphiphilic co-surfactant in a ratio of surfactant to amphiphilic co-surfactant in the range of about 1:2 to 2:1,
wherein the surfactant is a betaine and is present in an amount in the range of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid and wherein the amphiphilic co-surfactant is present in an amount in the range of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid, and
wherein the amphiphilic co-surfactant is selected from the group consisting of an alcohol; an alkyl alcohol; an aliphatic alcohol; an alicyclic alcohol; an unsaturated aliphatic alcohol; an unsaturated alicyclic alcohol; a polyhydric alcohol; an aromatic alcohol; an ethoxylated alcohol; a propoxylated alcohol; a glycol; a glycol ether; a polyglycol amine; a phenol; an ethoxylated phenol; a propoxylated phenol; and any combination thereof;
wherein the non-aqueous fluid is a paraffin and the non-aqueous fluid is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid,
wherein the weighting agent is in the amount of about 50% by weight to about 55% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid, and
introducing the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid into a subterranean formation comprising a residual non-aqueous fluid therein,
wherein the binary surfactant mixture in the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid emulsifies at least a portion of the residual non-aqueous fluid; and
wherein the combination of betaine and amphiphilic co-surfactant in a ratio of surfactant to amphiphilic co-surfactant in the range of about 1:2 to 2:1 together with paraffin in the amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid is able to produce an emulsion having low surfactant content which remains stable against settling for a period of time greater than about 48 hours.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the binary surfactant mixture increases the water wettability of the subterranean formation.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid is a microemulsion comprising dispersed phase droplets having an average diameter in the range of from about 1 nm to about 100 nm.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid is a miniemulsion comprising dispersed phase droplets having an average diameter in the range of from about 50 nm to about 1 μm.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid is a macroemulsion comprising dispersed phase droplets having an average diameter in the range of from about 1 μm to about 100 μm.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the emulsified spacer fluid further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a salt; a weighting agent; an inert solid; a fluid loss control agent; an emulsifier; a dispersion aid; a corrosion inhibitor; an emulsion thinner; an emulsion thickener; a viscosifying agent; a gelling agent; a proppant; a lost circulation agent; a foaming agent; a gas; a pH control additive; a breaker; a biocide; a crosslinker; a stabilizer; a chelating agent; a scale inhibitor; a gas hydrate inhibitor; an oxidizer; a reducer; a friction reducer; a clay stabilizing agent; and any combination thereof.
7. The method of claim 1 further comprising:
removing the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid from the subterranean formation;
introducing a casing string into the subterranean formation;
introducing a cement composition into the subterranean formation so as to form a cement column in an annulus between the subterranean formation and the casing string; and
setting the cement composition forming the cement column.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aqueous base fluid in the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid is selected from the group consisting of fresh water;
saltwater; brine; seawater; and any combination thereof.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein the aqueous base fluid in the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid is present in an amount in a range of about 40% to about 70% by weight of the emulsified spacer fluid.
10. The method of claim 7 , wherein the amphiphilic co-surfactant is tertiary-butyl alcohol.
11. The method of claim 7 , wherein the emulsion is a microemulsion.
12. A method comprising:
providing an oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid comprising a binary surfactant mixture, solvent non-aqueous base fluid, a weighting agent, and an aqueous base fluid,
wherein the binary surfactant mixture comprises a surfactant and an amphiphilic co-surfactant in a ratio of surfactant to amphiphilic co-surfactant in the range of about 1:2 to 2:1,
wherein the surfactant is a betaine present in an amount in the range of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid,
wherein the amphiphilic co-surfactant is tertiary-butyl alcohol present in an amount in the range of from about 0.5% to about 5% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid,
wherein the non-aqueous fluid is a paraffin and the non-aqueous fluid is present in an amount in the range of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid,
wherein the weighting agent is in the amount of about 50% by weight to about 55% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid,
wherein the emulsified spacer fluid further comprises an additive selected from the group consisting of a salt; a weighting agent; an inert solid; a fluid loss control agent; an emulsifier; a dispersion aid; a corrosion inhibitor; an emulsion thinner; an emulsion thickener; a viscosifying agent; a gelling agent; a proppant; a lost circulation agent; a foaming agent; a gas; a pH control additive; a breaker; a biocide; a crosslinker; a stabilizer; a chelating agent; a scale inhibitor; a gas hydrate inhibitor; an oxidizer; a reducer; a friction reducer; a clay stabilizing agent; and any combination thereof, and
introducing the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid into a subterranean formation comprising a residual non-aqueous fluid therein,
wherein the binary surfactant mixture in the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid emulsifies at least a portion of the residual non-aqueous fluid; and
wherein the combination of betaine and tertiary butyl alcohol in a ratio of surfactant to amphiphilic co-surfactant in the range of about 1:2 to 2:1 together with paraffin in the amount of about 1% to about 10% by weight of the oil-in-water emulsified spacer fluid is able to produce an emulsion having low surfactant content which remains stable against settling for a period of time greater than about 48 hours.