Method and apparatus for filling an annulus between casing and rock in an oil or gas well
The invention relates to the decommissioning of hydrocarbon wells. It concerns the artificial promoting or inducing of creep in the overburden formation 3 surrounding an oil well 1 , so that the formation rock 3 encroaches against the casing 5 to form a seal. This avoids the need to plug the annulus between the casing 5 and formation 3 with cement. The overburden may be caused to creep by reducing the pressure in the annulus, by applying heat to the overburden rock or by stressing the rock repeatedly to cause fatigue in the rock 3.
1. A plug and abandonment process for plugging and sealing an annulus between casing and formation in a hydrocarbon wellbore, comprising:
repeatedly increasing and reducing the pressure in the annulus via holes or perforations in the casing, or via casing outlets in the wellhead, thereby artificially promoting or inducing creep in the formation surrounding the casing;
plugging and sealing the annulus with the artificially promoted or induced creep in the formation surrounding the casing; and
abandoning the hydrocarbon wellbore.
2. The process according to claim 1 including the step of substantially equalizing pressure between the annulus and the interior of the casing and/or placing the well in an underbalanced state.
3. The process according to claim 2 including the step of passing coil tubing down the wellbore and controlling pressure within the casing and in the annulus via the coil tubing.
4. The process according to claim 2 including the step of controlling pressure in the annulus via casing valve outlets in the wellhead.
5. The process according to claim 1 including the step of applying heat to the formation surrounding the casing.
6. The process according to claim 5 wherein the temperature is elevated by between 0.5 and 50 degrees Celsius.
7. The process according to claim 1 including the step of stressing the formation surrounding the casing.
8. The process according to claim 7 wherein the stressing step is repeated with the objective of fatiguing the formation.
9. The process according to claim 8 wherein the pressure in the annulus is increased and reduced via fluid in the annulus.
10. The process according to claim 8 wherein the pressure is varied over a range of 2.76 MPa (400 psi) and 27.6 MPa (4,000 psi).
11. The process according to claim 8 wherein the pressure is cycled between 5 and 50,000 times.
12. The process according to claim 7 including directly stressing the formation using a mechanical vibrator, a seismic vibrator, or other vibrational source.