Nanocomposite films and methods of preparation thereof
Nanocomposite films comprising carbon nanotubes dispersed throughout a polymer matrix and further comprising at least two surfaces with differing amounts of carbon nanotubes and differing electrical resistivity values are provided. Nanocomposite films comprising a polymer layer, a conductive nanofiller layer, and a polysaccharide layer having antistatic properties are provided. In particular, nanocomposites comprising polyvinyl alcohol as the polymer, graphene as the conductive nanofiller and starch as the polysaccharide are provided. In addition, processes for forming the nanocomposites, methods for characterizing the nanocomposites as well as applications in or on electrical and/or electronic devices are provided.
1. A nanocomposite film, the nanocomposite film formed by a process comprising:
preparing a mixture by dispersing a polymer, a conductive nanofiller, and a polysaccharide into water;
casting the mixture to form a casted composition having a polymer phase, a conductive nanofiller phase, and a polysaccharide phase, whereby during the casting, the mixture separates into the polymer phase, the conductive nanofiller phase, and the polysaccharide phase:
wherein the conductive nanofiller phase is sandwiched between and in continuous contact with the polymer phase and the polysaccharide phase,
wherein the polymer phase contains a majority of the polymer in the casted composition,
wherein the conductive nanofiller phase contains a majority of the conductive nanofiller in the casted composition, and
wherein the polysaccharide phase contains a majority of the polysaccharide in the casted composition; and
drying the casted composition to form the nanocomposite film having a polymer layer, a conductive nanofiller layer, and a polysaccharide layer, wherein the polymer layer, the conductive nanofiller layer, and the polysaccharide layer are respectively formed from the drying of the polymer phase, the conductive nanofiller phase, and the polysaccharide phase:
wherein a surface of the polysaccharide layer has a first product of electrical resistance and area, R·A,
wherein a surface of the polymer layer has a second product of electrical resistance and area, R·A, and wherein the second R·A is less than or equal to the first R·A.
2. The nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the nanocomposite film comprises a weight ratio between the polymer layer and the polysaccharide layer is in the range of 80:20 to 60:40.
3. The nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the nanocomposite film comprises up to 25 weight percent of the conductive nanofiller layer relative to the total weight of the nanocomposite film.
4. The nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the conductive nanofiller is graphene in the form of nanosheets having an average longest dimension of 1-75 μm and an average thickness of 0.5-300 nm or in the form of nanoplatelets having an average diameter of 1-75 μm and an average thickness of 0.5-300 nm.
5. The nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the polymer is polyvinyl alcohol.
6. The nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the polysaccharide is starch.
7. The nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the nanocomposite film has an average thickness of 0.1-1.0 mm.
8. The nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the surface of the polysaccharide layer is antistatic and has a first R·A in the range of 10 6 -10 8 ohm·cm 2 and the surface of the polymer layer is antistatic and has a second R·A in the range of 10 6 -10 8 ohm·cm 2 .
9. An electronic device comprising the nanocomposite film of claim 1 , wherein the nanocomposite film is present in or on said electronic device.