Endotracheal tube apparatus
An apparatus for monitoring EMG signals of a patient's laryngeal muscles includes an endotracheal tube having an exterior surface and a first location configured to be positioned at the patient's vocal folds. A first electrode is formed on the exterior surface of the endotracheal tube substantially below the first location to receive EMG signals primarily from below the vocal folds. A second electrode is formed on the exterior surface of the endotracheal tube substantially above the first location to receive EMG signals primarily from above the vocal folds. The first and second electrodes are configured to receive the EMG signals from the laryngeal muscles when the endotracheal tube is placed in a trachea of the patient.
1. A method of monitoring EMG signals of a patient's laryngeal muscles, comprising:
providing an endotracheal tube having an exterior surface and at least four printed ink conductive electrodes on the exterior surface along a first side of the endotracheal tube, wherein the printed ink conductive electrodes are laterally offset and not substantially longitudinally offset, and wherein a second side opposite the first side is substantially free from conductive electrodes;
positioning the endotracheal tube in a trachea of the patient with the printed ink conductive electrodes in contact with a posterior of the trachea;
sensing the EMG signals from the laryngeal muscles with the printed ink conductive electrodes when the endotracheal tube is positioned in the trachea of the patient; and
outputting the EMG signals sensed by the printed ink conductive electrodes to a processing apparatus.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein a second side opposite the first side is completely free from conductive electrodes.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein the conductive electrodes comprise a printed silver conductive ink.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the at least four conductive electrodes includes only four conductive electrodes.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the electrodes is at least about 1.9 inches in length.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein an interconnection element substantially surrounds a circumference of the endotracheal tube and is positioned at an end of wires that are coupled to the electrodes, and wherein the method further comprises: carrying the EMG signals sensed by the electrodes to the processing apparatus with the wires.