Method and apparatus for recycling top gas for shaft furnace
Method, apparatus and system for improved energy efficiency in a direct reduction iron production process which uses a direct reduction shaft furnace and syngas as the reduction gas. The method and system of the invention use a part of the top gas emanating from the shaft furnace as transport gas for the gasifier, and control the volume of the top gas used as recycled top gas or fuel for the gas heater. The present invention achieves high energy efficiency, and reduces the need to use additional CH 4 source for the reduction gas.
1. An apparatus for producing iron using a direct reduction iron production process, wherein iron ore fed into a shaft furnace is directly reduced with a reduction gas in a shaft furnace and a top gas emanates from the shaft furnace, the apparatus comprising:
a first syngas delivery unit configured between a reactor of a fluidized bed coal gasification system and the shaft furnace for delivering syngas as at least a portion of the reduction gas, wherein the syngas is produced in the reactor in which carbonaceous materials react in a fluidized bed reactor under partially oxidized conditions with air and steam to produce syngas which comprises CO, H 2 , CO 2 and CH 4 , and wherein a transport gas is used in the movement of the carbonaceous materials into the reactor, or movement and recycling of ash particles;
a second syngas delivery unit configured between the reactor and a gas heater connected to the shaft furnace for delivering syngas as at least a portion of fuel gas to the gas heater to heat the reduction gas to a temperature sufficient for use in the direct reduction process;
a first top gas delivery unit configured to recycle at least a portion of the top gas as a reduction gas to the shaft furnace; and
a second top gas delivery unit configured between the shaft furnace and the reactor for using at least a portion of the top gas as transport gas in the reactor.
2. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a flow controller configured to control the flow of the top gas used as transport gas to control the amount of the top gas as recycled reduction gas.
3. The apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:
an ejector configured to pressurize the top gas as recycled reduction gas before sending it into the shaft furnace, wherein the syngas used as reduction gas is a motive gas for the ejector.
4. The apparatus according to claim 3 , further comprising:
a carbon dioxide removal unit configured to remove carbon dioxide from the syngas used as reduction gas prior to using it as motive gas.
5. The apparatus according to claim 2 , further comprising:
a carbon dioxide removal unit configured to remove carbon dioxide from the top gas as recycled reduction gas prior to being pressurized.
6. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a compressor configured to compress the portion of the top gas to be used as the transport gas.
7. The apparatus according to claim 1 , further comprising:
a third top gas delivery unit configured to recycle at least a portion of the top gas as a fuel gas; and
a flow controller configured to control the flow of the top gas used as fuel gas to control the amount of the top gas as recycled reduction gas.
8. A system for producing iron using a direct reduction iron production process, comprising:
a shaft furnace in which iron ore is directly reduced with a reduction gas, wherein a top gas emanates from the top thereof;
a fluidized bed coal gasification system in which carbonaceous materials react in a fluidized bed reactor under partially oxidized conditions with air and steam to produce syngas which comprises CO, H 2 , CO 2 and CH 4 , and wherein a transport gas is used in the movement of the carbonaceous materials into the reactor, and in the movement and recycling of ash particles;
a first syngas delivery unit for using the syngas as at least a portion of the reduction gas;
a second syngas delivery unit for using the syngas as at least a portion of fuel gas to heat the reduction gas to a temperature sufficient for use in the direct reduction process;
a first top gas delivery unit configured to recycle at least a portion of the top gas as a reduction gas to the shaft furnace; and
a second top gas delivery unit for using at least a portion of the top gas as transport gas in the fluidized bed reactor.
9. The system according to claim 8 , further comprising:
an ejector configured to pressurize the top gas as recycled reduction gas before sending it into the shaft furnace, wherein the syngas used as reduction gas is a motive gas for the ejector.
10. The system according to claim 9 , further comprising:
a carbon dioxide removal unit configured to remove carbon dioxide from the syngas used as reduction gas prior to using it as motive gas.
11. The system according to claim 8 , further comprising:
a carbon dioxide removal unit configured to remove carbon dioxide from the top gas as recycled reduction gas prior to being pressurized.
12. The system according to claim 8 , further comprising:
a third top gas delivery unit configured to recycle at least a portion of the top gas as a fuel gas; and
a flow controller configured to control the flow of the top gas used as fuel gas to minimize the amount of the top gas as recycled reduction gas.