Monolithic attenuator, limiter, and linearizer circuits using non-linear resistors
Monolithic attenuator, limiter, and linearizer circuitry to be integrated with other circuitry on a chip are provided. According to one aspect, a monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit comprises an input terminal, an output terminal, a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to the input terminal and a second terminal coupled to the output terminal, and a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to the first or second terminal of the first resistor and a second terminal coupled to ground. At least the first resistor is a non-linear resistor whose resistance changes as a function of the voltage across the resistor. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit may be part of a “Pi” or “Tee” topology. According to another aspect, a non-linear shunt resistor coupled to the input of an amplifier circuit can operate to linearize the gain of the amplifier circuit over a range of input levels.
1. A monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit, comprising:
an input terminal;
an output terminal;
a first resistor having a first terminal coupled to the input terminal and a second terminal coupled to the output terminal; and
a second resistor having a first terminal coupled to the first or second terminal of the first resistor and a second terminal coupled to ground,
wherein at least the first resistor is a non-linear resistor.
2. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 1 wherein the second resistor comprises a linear resistor.
3. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 1 wherein the second resistor comprises a non-linear resistor.
4. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 1 wherein the second resistor is coupled between the first terminal of the first resistor and ground and wherein the circuit further comprises a third resistor coupled between the second terminal of the first resistor and ground.
5. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 4 wherein the second resistor comprises a linear resistor.
6. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 5 wherein the third resistor comprises a linear resistor.
7. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 5 wherein the third resistor comprises a non-linear resistor.
8. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 4 wherein the second resistor comprises a non-linear resistor.
9. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 8 wherein the third resistor comprises a linear resistor.
10. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 8 wherein the third resistor comprises a non-linear resistor.
11. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 1 wherein the first resistor and a third resistor are connected in series between the input terminal and the output terminal and wherein the second resistor is coupled to the terminal of the first resistor that is connected directly to the third resistor.
12. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 11 wherein the second resistor comprises a linear resistor.
13. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 12 wherein the third resistor comprises a linear resistor.
14. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 12 wherein the third resistor comprises a non-linear resistor.
15. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 11 wherein the second resistor comprises a non-linear resistor.
16. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 15 wherein the third resistor comprises a linear resistor.
17. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 15 wherein the third resistor comprises a non-linear resistor.
18. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 1 further comprising an amplifier circuit having an amplifier output and having an amplifier input connected to the output terminal of the monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit.
19. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 18 wherein the amplifier circuit comprises a Radio Frequency (RF) amplifier.
20. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 18 wherein the amplifier circuit comprises a microwave frequency amplifier.
21. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 18 wherein the amplifier circuit is constructed using a same process as the monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit.
22. The monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit of claim 21 wherein the amplifier circuit and the monolithic attenuator and limiter circuit are fabricated on a same wafer die.
23. A linearized amplifier, comprising:
an input terminal;
an output terminal;
an amplifier circuit having an input coupled to the input terminal and an output coupled to the output terminal; and
a non-linear resistor having a first terminal coupled to the input terminal and a second terminal coupled to ground;
wherein the non-linear resistor presents an impedance to ground which increases as an input level of the input terminal increases.
24. The linearized amplifier of claim 23 wherein the non-linear resistor linearizes the linearized amplifier by reducing a gain of the amplifier circuit at a low input level without limiting the gain at a higher input level.
25. The linearized amplifier of claim 23 wherein the non-linear resistor compensates for slow gain compression in the amplifier circuit.