Thermal monitoring of a converter
The thermal monitoring of a converter for an electric motor of a vehicle should be improved. Therefore, the invention relates to a method in which the temperature of the converter is measured. In addition, the output power of the converter is determined. The temperature of the converter is estimated using a thermal model of the converter having the output power as an input variable. The estimated temperature is compared with the measured temperature, and a corresponding monitoring signal is provided. Thus, a deviation of the measured temperature for the calculated temperature and thus a corresponding error in the cooling system can be detected even in the partial-load range.
1. A method for thermal monitoring of a converter for an electric motor of a vehicle comprising:
measuring a temperature of the converter;
determining a power outputted by the converter;
providing a thermal model of the converter, said thermal model having the power outputted by the converter as an input variable, and being a linear function over time;
estimating the temperature of the converter by means of the thermal model using the determined outputted power as the input variable;
comparing the estimated temperature with the measured temperature;
generating a monitoring signal as a function of the comparison; and
generating a warning signal in response to the monitoring signal, when a difference between estimated and measured temperature exceeds a preset level, thereby informing a driver that cooling of the converter is not taking place.
2. The method of claim 1 , further comprising calculating with the thermal model a power loss as a function of the outputted power.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein in the thermal model the power loss is averaged and normalized over a preset calculation time period, and the normalized power loss occurs in the thermal model as a factor for the estimation of the temperature.
4. The method of claim 1 , further comprising experimentally determining a time constant for the thermal model.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein a cooling capacity with which the converter is cooled is used in the thermal model as a variable.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein a start temperature of the converter which is measured when the vehicle is started up or as a starting point for an estimate forms the basis in the thermal model.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the measured start temperature is used as a variable in the thermal model.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the thermal model for estimating the converter temperature ⊖ is as follows:
⊖( t ):=[ T 0 (1 +t/T )]*{tilde over (P)} v
where T 0 is the start temperature for the estimation, {tilde over (P)} v , is a normalized, mean power loss in the most recent calculation time period and T is the experimentally determined time constant.