Device for regulating the passage of energy
The present application relates to a device for regulating the passage of energy which is characterised in that it comprises at least two switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ) arranged one behind the other, where the switching layers comprise a liquid-crystalline medium comprising at least one dichroic compound.
1. A device suitable for regulating the passage of energy through a surface, comprising
at least two switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ), each of which comprises a liquid-crystalline medium having a clearing point in the temperature range of 70° C. to 170° C. and comprising three or more dichroic compounds, and
orientation layers O( 1 ), O( 2 ), O( 3 ) and O( 4 ),
where the said switching layers and orientation layers are present in the device in mutually parallel planes in the sequence O( 1 ), S( 1 ), O( 2 ), O( 3 ), S( 2 ), O( 4 ),
where an orientation axis OA( 1 )* of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium of S( 1 ) which are adjacent to O( 2 ) is present in at least one switching state of the device, and an orientation axis OA( 2 )* of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium of S( 2 ) which are adjacent to O( 3 ) is present, and orientation axes OA( 1 )* and OA( 2 )* are not parallel to one another and are parallel to the plane of the switching layers,
wherein the device is arranged to have the capability to switch between a bright state and a dark state,
wherein the device is electrically switchable from a dark state to a bright state and vice versa, wherein the degree of light transmission in the bright state is 60% to 90%, and
wherein the device is not goggles, visors or eyeglasses suitable for regulation of the incidence of light on the eyes.
2. A device suitable for regulating the passage of energy through a surface, comprising
at least two switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ), each of which comprises a liquid-crystalline medium having a clearing point in the temperature range of 70° C. to 170° C. and comprising three or more dichroic compounds, and
orientation layers O( 1 ), O( 2 ), O( 3 ) and O( 4 ),
where the said switching layers and orientation layers are present in the device in mutually parallel planes in the sequence O( 1 ), S( 1 ), O( 2 ), O( 3 ), S( 2 ), O( 4 ),
where an orientation axis OA( 1 )* of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium of S( 1 ) which are adjacent to O( 2 ) is present in at least one switching state of the device, and an orientation axis OA( 2 )* of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium of S( 2 ) which are adjacent to O( 3 ) is present, and orientation axes OA( 1 )* and OA( 2 )* are not parallel to one another and are parallel to the plane of the switching layers,
wherein the device is arranged to have the capability to switch between a bright state and a dark state, and
wherein the device is not goggles, visors or eyeglasses suitable for regulation of the incidence of light on the eyes,
wherein the device is electrically switchable, and
which device is installed in an opening of a building, a container, a vehicle or another substantially closed space.
3. The device according to claim 1 , which has four electrodes, one of which is installed on each side of each of the two switching layers.
4. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the switching layers are separately electrically switchable.
5. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium are aligned vertically to the plane of the switching layers by application of an electric field.
6. The device according to claim 1 , wherein either both switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ) in the voltage-free switching state have a planar alignment of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium, or both switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ) in the voltage-free switching state have a homeotropic alignment of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium.
7. The device according to claim 1 , wherein one of the two switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ) in the voltage-free switching state has a homeotropic alignment of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium, and the other of the two switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ) in the voltage-free switching state has a planar alignment of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium.
8. The device according to claim 1 , which has a device for the conversion of light energy into electrical energy.
9. The device according to claim 1 , which has a layer structure in the following sequence:
substrate layer,
electrically conductive transparent layer,
orientation layer O( 1 ),
switching layer S( 1 ),
orientation layer O( 2 ),
electrically conductive transparent layer,
substrate layer(s),
electrically conductive transparent layer, preferably ITO layer
orientation layer O( 3 ),
switching layer S( 2 ),
orientation layer O( 4 ),
electrically conductive transparent layer, and
substrate layer.
10. The device according to claim 1 , wherein orientation axes OA( 1 )* and OA( 2 )* form an angle of 50- 90° to one another.
11. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the at least one switching state of the device in which orientation axes OA( 1 )* and OA( 2 )* are not parallel to one another and are parallel to the plane of the switching layers is present in a voltage-free switching state of the device.
12. The device according to claim 1 , wherein orientation layers O( 2 ) and O( 3 ) each effect different orientation axes of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium which is adjacent to the orientation layer.
13. The device according to claim 1 , wherein layers O( 2 ) and O( 3 ) in the voltage-free switching state effect a planar alignment of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium.
14. The device according to claim 1 , wherein either both orientation layers O( 1 ) and O( 2 ) effect a planar alignment of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium, or both orientation layers O( 1 ) and O( 2 ) effect a homeotropic alignment of the molecules of the liquid-crystalline medium.
15. The device according to claim 1 , wherein switching layers S( 1 ) and S( 2 ) have a degree of anisotropy R of 0.7 to 0.9.
16. The device according to claim 15 , wherein at least one of the dichroic compounds is selected from the group consisting of azo compounds, anthraquinones, methine compounds, azomethine compounds, merocyanine compounds, naphthoquinones, tetrazines, perylenes, terrylenes, quaterrylenes, higher rylenes, benzothiadiazoles, diketopyrrolopyrroles, squaraines and pyrromethenes.
17. The device according to claim 1 , which does not comprise a polariser.
18. A method for regulating the passage of energy through a substantially energy-transmitting surface into an interior, comprising regulating said passage of energy by a device according to claim 1 .
19. A window comprising a device according to claim 1 .
20. The device according to claim 1 , wherein the liquid-crystalline medium contains three dichroic compounds.