Member for electrophotography and method of producing the member, process cartridge, and electrophotographic apparatus
Provided is a member for electrophotography that is not reduced in charge-providing performance even by its long-term storage and use under a high-temperature and high-humidity environment, and is hence conducive to the formation of a high-quality electrophotographic image. The member for electrophotography includes: an electroconductive substrate; and an electroconductive layer, in which: the electroconductive layer contains a resin having a cationic organic group in a molecule thereof and an anion; a total sum of contents of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal in the electroconductive layer is 500 ppm or less; and the anion includes at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate anion, a fluorocarboxylate anion, a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluorosulfonylmethide anion, a fluoroalkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorophosphate anion, a fluoroantimonate anion, and a fluoroarsenate anion.
1. A member for electrophotography, comprising:
an electroconductive substrate; and
an electroconductive layer on the substrate, wherein
the electroconductive layer contains a resin having a cationic organic group in a molecule thereof and an anion;
a total sum of contents of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal in the electroconductive layer is 500 ppm or less; and
the anion comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate anion, a fluorocarboxylate anion, a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluorosulfonylmethide anion, a fluoroalkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorophosphate anion, a fluoroantimonate anion, and a fluoroarsenate anion.
2. A member for electrophotography according to claim 1 , wherein the resin contains a polymer chain having a branched structure, and the cationic organic group is present in the branched structure of the polymer chain.
3. A process cartridge, comprising members for electrophotography, the process cartridge being removably mounted onto a main body of an electrophotographic apparatus, wherein at least one of the members for electrophotography comprises the member for electrophotography according to claim 1 .
4. An electrophotographic apparatus, comprising members for electrophotography, wherein at least one of the members for electrophotography comprises the member for electrophotography according to claim 1 .
5. A member for electrophotography, comprising:
an electroconductive substrate; and
an electroconductive layer on the substrate, a total sum of contents of an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal in the electroconductive layer being 500 ppm or less, wherein
the electroconductive layer contains one of the following resin (a) and resin (b):
resin (a) being a resin that comprises a product of a reaction between an ionic electroconductive agent and a first compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group, the ionic electroconductive agent containing an anion and a cation having 2 or more hydroxyl groups, the anion comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate anion, a fluorocarboxylate anion, a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluorosulfonylmethide anion, a fluoroalkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorophosphate anion, a fluoroantimonate anion, and a fluoroarsenate anion, and
resin (b) being a product of a reaction between a second compound having 3 or more nitrogen atoms of a tertiary amine in a molecule thereof, and a third compound having, in a molecule thereof, 2 or more groups of at least one of kinds represented by —N(SO 2 R 1 ) 2 and —OSO 2 R 2 where R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
6. A member for electrophotography according to claim 5 , wherein the ionic electroconductive agent contains the anion and a cation having 3 or more hydroxyl groups.
7. A member for electrophotography according to claim 6 , wherein the ionic electroconductive agent comprises one of the following (1) and (2):
(1) a product of a reaction between one selected from the group consisting of a hydroxide, a methyl carbonate, an ethyl carbonate, a propyl carbonate, and a hydrogen carbonate of the cation, and a conjugate acid of the anion; and
(2) a product of a reaction between one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate, a fluorocarboxylate, and an N-alkylbis(fluorosulfonyl)imide, and a tertiary amine compound.
8. A member for electrophotography according to claim 5 , wherein the third compound comprises at least one selected from compounds represented by the chemical formulae (1) to (4):
where A1 to A6 each independently represent —N(SO 2 R 1 ) 2 or —OSO 2 R 2 , Ra and Rb each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group that may have a substituent, Rc represents an alkyl group that may have a substituent, m 1 represents an integer of from 1 to 30, m 2 to m 5 each independently represent an integer of from 1 to 15, X represents 2 or 3, and Y represents an integer of from 2 to 10, and R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
9. A member for electrophotography according to claim 8 , wherein the third compound comprises a compound represented by the chemical formula (1).
10. A method of producing a member for electrophotography, the member for electrophotography including an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive layer on the substrate, the electroconductive layer containing a resin having a cationic organic group in a molecule thereof and an anion, the electroconductive layer containing an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal at a total sum of contents of 500 ppm or less, the anion comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate anion, a fluorocarboxylate anion, a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluorosulfonylmethide anion, a fluoroalkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorophosphate anion, a fluoroantimonate anion, and a fluoroarsenate anion, the method comprising:
(1) forming, on the electroconductive substrate, a coating film of a paint containing a cation having 2 or more hydroxyl groups and a compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group; and
(2) causing the cation having 2 or more hydroxyl groups and the compound capable of reacting with a hydroxyl group in the coating film to react with each other to form the electroconductive layer.
11. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 10 , further comprising preparing an ionic electroconductive agent having the cation having 2 or more hydroxyl groups and the anion prior to the step (1).
12. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 11 , wherein the preparation of the ionic electroconductive agent includes causing a compound having the cation having 2 or more hydroxyl groups and a hydroxide anion, and a compound having the anion and a proton to react with each other.
13. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 12 , wherein the compound having the cation having 2 or more hydroxyl groups and the hydroxide anion comprises at least one selected from tris(hydroxyethyl)methylammonium hydroxide, and bis(hydroxyethyl)dimethylammonium hydroxide.
14. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 12 , wherein the compound having the anion and the proton comprises at least one selected from bis(trifluromethanesulfonyl)amide, bis(nonafluorobutanesulfonyl)amide, 4,4,5,5,6,6-hexafluorodihydro-4H-1,3,2-dithiazine 1,1,3,3-tetraoxide, trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, nonafluorobutanesulfonic acid, trifluoroacetic acid, heptafluorobutyric acid, tris(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)methide, and trifluoromethyltrifluoroboric acid.
15. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 10 , wherein the preparation of the ionic electroconductive agent includes causing a tertiary amine compound and an imide compound of the anion to react with each other.
16. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 15 , wherein the tertiary amine compound comprises at least one selected from N-methyldiethanolamine, triethanolamine, 2-pyridineethanol, 1-hydroxyethyl-2-hydroxymethylimidazole, N-hydroxyethylpyrrolidone, and N-hydroxyethylpiperidine.
17. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 15 , wherein the imide compound of the anion comprises at least one selected from N-methylbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide, and N-hydroxyethylbis(trifluoromethylsulfonyl)imide.
18. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 10 , wherein the preparation of the ionic electroconductive agent includes causing one of an alkyl carbonate of the cation having 2 or more hydroxyl groups and a hydrogen carbonate of the cation, and a compound having the anion and a proton to react with each other.
19. A method of producing a member for electrophotography, the member for electrophotography including an electroconductive substrate and an electroconductive layer on the substrate, the electroconductive layer containing a resin having a cationic organic group in a molecule thereof and an anion, the electroconductive layer containing an alkali metal and an alkali earth metal at a total sum of contents of 500 ppm or less, the anion comprising at least one selected from the group consisting of a fluorosulfonate anion, a fluorocarboxylate anion, a fluorosulfonylimide anion, a fluorosulfonylmethide anion, a fluoroalkylfluoroborate anion, a fluorophosphate anion, a fluoroantimonate anion, and a fluoroarsenate anion, the method comprising:
(1) forming, on the electroconductive substrate, a coating film of a paint containing a compound having 3 or more nitrogen atoms of a tertiary amine, and a compound having, in a molecule thereof, 2 or more groups of at least one of kinds represented by —N(SO 2 R 1 ) 2 and —OSO 2 R 2 where R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms; and
(2) causing the compound having 3 or more nitrogen atoms of a tertiary amine, and the compound having, in a molecule thereof, 2 or more groups of at least one of kinds represented by —N(SO 2 R 1 ) 2 and —OSO 2 R 2 where R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the coating film to react with each other to form the electroconductive layer.
20. A method of producing a member for electrophotography according to claim 19 , wherein:
the compound having 3 or more nitrogen atoms of a tertiary amine comprises at least one selected from the group consisting of poly(1-vinylimidazole), poly(4-vinylpyridine), and poly(dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate); and
the compound having, in a molecule thereof, 2 or more groups of at least one of kinds represented by —N(SO 2 R 1 ) 2 and —OSO 2 R 2 comprises at least one selected from the group of compounds represented by the following chemical formulae (1) to (4):
where A1 to A6 each independently represent —N(SO 2 R 1 ) 2 or —OSO 2 R 2 , Ra and Rb each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group that may have a substituent, Rc represents an alkyl group that may have a substituent, m 1 represents an integer of from 1 to 30, m 2 to m 5 each independently represent an integer of from 1 to 15, X represents 2 or 3, Y represents an integer of from 2 to 10, and R 1 and R 2 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a perfluoroalkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.