Radiofrequency ablation catheter with optical tissue evaluation
Systems and methods for performing RF ablation while monitoring the procedure using low coherence interferometry (LCI) data are described. A catheter includes a distal section, a proximal section, a multiplexer, and a sheath coupled between the distal section and the proximal section. The distal section includes several interconnected optical ports configured to transmit exposure radiation toward a sample and receive radiation that have been reflected or scattered from the sample. The interconnected optical ports are formed on a substrate having rigid sections and flexible sections arranged around the distal section. A holder maintains the interconnected optical elements in a fixed spatial relationship.
1. A catheter comprising:
a proximal section;
a distal section, the distal section comprising:
one or more electrodes configured to apply RF energy to a portion of a sample in contact with the one or more electrodes, such that the portion of the sample is ablated;
a plurality of interconnected optical ports configured to transmit one or more beams of exposure radiation away from the distal section of the catheter and receive one or more beams of scattered radiation that have been reflected or scattered from the sample, wherein the plurality of interconnected optical ports are formed on a substrate having rigid sections and flexible sections; and
a holder configured to maintain the plurality of interconnected optical ports in a fixed spatial relationship; and
a multiplexer configured to direct the one or more beams of exposure radiation from a source beam of radiation and combine the one or more beams of scattered radiation.
2. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of interconnected optical ports are formed on rigid sections of the substrate.
3. The catheter of claim 2 , wherein the rigid sections are interconnected by the flexible sections.
4. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the multiplexer is located within the distal section of the catheter.
5. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the multiplexer is located within the proximal section of the catheter.
6. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the distal section further comprises a plurality of openings arranged around an outer surface of the distal section.
7. The catheter of claim 6 , wherein the plurality of interconnected optical ports are configured to transmit each of the one or more beams of exposure radiation through a corresponding opening in the plurality of openings.
8. The catheter of claim 7 , wherein each corresponding opening includes an optical element.
9. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein a plurality of the rigid sections have an optical element configured to focus each of the one or more beams of exposure radiation from each respective optical port of the plurality of interconnected oprical ports.
10. The catheter of claim 9 , wherein the optical element is a lens.
11. The catheter of claim 9 , wherein the optical element has a reflective coating.
12. The catheter of claim 11 , wherein the reflective coating is on a parabolic surface.
13. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the holder is monolithic.
14. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the holder is an open frame.
15. The catheter of claim 1 , wherein the distal section further comprises a cap secured to the holder and configured to cover the holder and the plurality of interconnected optical ports.
16. A catheter comprising:
a proximal section;
a distal section, the distal section comprising:
one or more electrodes configured to apply RF energy to a portion of a sample in contact with the one or more electrodes, such that the portion of the sample is ablated;
a plurality of interconnected optical ports configured to transmit one or more beams of exposure radiation away from the distal section of the catheter and receive one or more beams of scattered radiation that have been reflected or scattered from the sample, wherein the plurality of interconnected optical ports are formed on a substrate having rigid sections and flexible sections; and
a holder configured to maintain the plurality of interconnected optical ports in a fixed spatial relationship, wherein the holder includes a plurality of recesses to support each of the rigid sections of the substrate; and
a multiplexer configured to direct the one or more beams of exposure radiation from a source beam of radiation and combine the one or more beams of scattered radiation.
17. The catheter of claim 16 , wherein the plurality of recesses includes a reflective coating configured to focus each of the one or more beams of exposure radiation from a respective optical port of the plurality of interconnected optical ports.
18. The catheter of claim 17 , wherein the reflective coating is on a parabolic surface.
19. A catheter comprising:
a proximal section;
a distal section, the distal section comprising:
one or more electrodes configured to apply RF energy to a portion of a sample in contact with the one or more electrodes, such that the portion of the sample is ablated;
a plurality of interconnected optical ports configured to transmit one or more beams of exposure radiation away from the distal section of the catheter and receive one or more beams of scattered radiation that have been reflected or scattered from the sample, wherein the plurality of interconnected optical ports are formed on a substrate having rigid sections and flexible sections;
a holder configured to maintain the plurality of interconnected optical ports in a fixed spatial relationship; and
a cap secured to the holder and configured to cover the holder and the plurality of interconnected optical ports, wherein the cap includes a plurality of optical elements positioned on the cap such that each of the plurality of optical elements is optically aligned with at least one of the plurality of interconnected optical ports; and
a multiplexer configured to direct the one or more beams of exposure radiation from a source beam of radiation and combine the one or more beams of scattered radiation.
20. The catheter of claim 19 , wherein the plurality of optical elements are refractive.