Thermal energy storage apparatus
A thermal energy storage apparatus, including: a block of a heat-absorbing material, and a plurality of heat storage elements, the heat storage elements including a phase change material stored in a containment vessel; wherein each heat storage element is in thermal contact with the block of heat-absorbing material.
1. A thermal energy storage apparatus, including:
a block of a heat-absorbing material, the block being a single mass of compressed material in the form of machinable sintered graphite and having a plurality of holes machined therein; and
a plurality of heat storage elements, the heat storage elements including a phase change material stored in a containment vessel;
wherein each heat storage element is in thermal contact with the block of heat-absorbing material, each storage element being received in a respective hole machined in the block, and wherein the holes are evenly spaced with predetermined intervals therebetween wherein the containment vessel storing the phase change material includes a substantially cylindrical sidewall, a first end and a second end, wherein the sidewall has a thickness which increases along the length of the sidewall from the first end to the second end, such that, on undergoing a phase change, the phase change material preferentially expands in the direction of the first end.
2. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the block of heat-absorbing material includes a heat storage region having the plurality of respective holes formed therein, the heat storage elements being seated in the respective ones of said holes.
3. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 2 , wherein the predetermined intervals are chosen to optimise heat transport in the heat storage region.
4. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 1 , further including one or more heating elements in thermal contact with the heat storage region.
5. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the one or more heating elements are seated in a second plurality of holes in the heat storage region.
6. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the heating elements are electric heating elements.
7. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 4 , wherein the heating elements are individually controllable to supply different amounts of heat to different areas of the heat storage region.
8. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 7 , wherein the heating elements are controllable based on input from one or more temperature sensors associated with each of the different areas of the heat storage region.
9. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 1 , further including a wick in communication with the heat storage region and configured to be coupled with a closed-cycle heat engine.
10. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 9 , wherein the closed-cycle heat engine is a Stirling engine.
11. A thermal energy storage apparatus according to claim 1 , wherein the phase change material includes silicon metalloid or a eutectic, hypereutectic or hypoeutectic silicon composition.