Integrated system for ultrasound imaging and therapy using per-pixel switches
Ultrasound imaging and therapy with the same array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers is provided. The electronics includes a per-pixel switch for each transducer element. The switches provide an imaging mode driven completely by on-chip electronics and a therapy mode where off-chip pulsers provide relatively high voltages to the transducer elements.
1. An apparatus for ultrasonic imaging and therapy, the apparatus comprising:
a 2-D array of transducer elements monolithically integrated on a transducer chip, wherein each of the transducer elements is a capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducer (CMUT);
first electronic circuitry configured to perform ultrasonic imaging with the 2-D array of transducer elements, wherein the first electronic circuitry is integrated with the transducer chip;
second electronic circuitry configured to perform ultrasonic therapy with the 2-D array of transducer elements, wherein the second electronic circuitry comprises one or more off-chip pulsers disposed remotely from the transducer chip; and
mode switching circuitry configured to switch operation of each of the transducer elements between an ultrasonic imaging mode and an ultrasonic therapy mode by switching connections between the transducer elements and the one or more off-chip pulsers;
wherein the mode switching circuitry comprises a pixel switch corresponding to each of the transducer elements, the pixel switch comprising transistors arranged to pass a voltage from the one or more off-chip pulsers that is greater than a gate-to-source voltage of any one of the transistors;
wherein the mode switching circuitry is integrated with the transducer chip.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more off-chip pulsers comprise a plurality of off-chip pulsers, and each pixel switch is configured to connect or disconnect its corresponding transducer element to a predetermined one of the off-chip pulsers.
3. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more off-chip pulsers comprise a plurality of off-chip pulsers, and each pixel switch is configured to connect or disconnect its corresponding transducer element to a selectable one of the off-chip pulsers.
4. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electronic circuitry is an integrated circuit on a first electronics chip and wherein the first electronics chip is hybrid integrated with the transducer chip.
5. The apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the mode switching circuitry is an integrated circuit on a second electronics chip and wherein the second electronics chip is hybrid integrated with the transducer chip.
6. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the mode switching circuitry is an integrated circuit on a second electronics chip and wherein the second electronics chip is hybrid integrated with the transducer chip.
7. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the first electronic circuitry, the second electronic circuitry and the mode switching circuitry are all monolithically integrated on the transducer chip.
8. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more off-chip pulsers comprise a plurality of off-chip pulsers, and the off-chip pulsers are configured to provide inputs having distinct electrical phase, whereby beam control for ultrasonic therapy is provided.
9. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pixel switch comprises at least one switching circuit configured as a first pair of series-connected transistors having an output that drives a second pair of series-connected transistors.
10. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the second electronic circuitry includes an inductor corresponding to each transducer element configured such that the combination of inductor and transducer element is electrically resonant at an ultrasound therapy frequency.
11. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the pixel switch comprises:
a first diode connected between a source and a gate of a first transistor of the transistors, the first diode also being connected between a source and a gate of a second transistor of the transistors; and
a second diode connected between a drain of a third transistor of the transistors and the gate of the second transistor.
12. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the one or more off-chip pulsers comprise a plurality of off-chip pulsers, and the mode switching circuitry comprises a line switch configured to electrically connect the pixel switch to a selected one of the off-chip pulsers.
13. An apparatus for ultrasonic imaging and therapy, the apparatus comprising:
an array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs);
imaging circuitry integrated with the array of CMUTs;
a pulser; and
a switch configured to connect a CMUT of the array of CMUTs to the pulser in a therapy mode and to disconnect the CMUT of the array of CMUTs from the pulser in an imaging mode, the switch comprising transistors arranged to pass a voltage from the pulser that is greater than a gate-to-source voltage of any one of the transistors;
wherein the imaging circuit is configured to perform imaging using the array of CMUTs in the imaging mode, and
wherein the pulser is configured to apply focused ultrasound using the array of CMUTs in the therapy mode.
14. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the switch comprises a diode connected between a source and a gate of a first transistor of the transistors, the diode also being connected between a source and a gate of a second transistor of the transistors.
15. The apparatus of claim 14 , wherein the switch comprises a second diode connected between a drain a third transistor of the transistors and the gate of the second transistor.
16. The apparatus of claim 15 , wherein the second diode is configured to handle a higher voltage than the diode.
17. The apparatus of claim 13 , comprising pulsers including the pulser and switches including the switch, wherein the switches are arranged to enable selectable connections between the CMUTs and the pulsers for beam forming for the therapy mode.
18. The apparatus of claim 17 , wherein the switches comprise induvial switches each corresponding to a respective CMUT of the array of CMUTs, one of the individual switches being the switch.
19. The apparatus of claim 13 , wherein the pulser is positioned such that heat dissipation associated with the pulser occurs away from the array of CMUTs.
20. A method of performing ultrasonic imaging and therapy with an array of capacitive micromachined ultrasonic transducers (CMUTs), the method comprising:
connecting a CMUT of the array of CMUTs to a pulser in a therapy mode using a switch, wherein the switch comprises transistors arranged to pass a voltage from the pulser that is greater than a gate-to-source voltage of any one of the transistors;
applying a voltage from the pulser to the CMUT in the therapy mode for performing ultrasonic therapy, wherein the pulser is disposed remotely from a chip that comprises the array of CMUTs;
disconnecting the CMUT of the array of CMUTs from the pulser in an imaging mode using the switch; and
performing ultrasonic imaging with an imaging circuit and the array of CMUTs in the imaging mode, wherein the imaging circuit is integrated with the array of CMUTs.