Heterocyclic derivative having AMPK-activating activity

1. A compound of formula (I),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

L is NR 2 R 3 ;

R 2 is hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylsulfonyl, or substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl;

R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylsulfonyl, or substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl;

Y is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl;

Z is μN═;

R 1 is hydrogen;

R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl;

R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, carboxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylthio, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylthio, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl, or substituted or unsubstituted amino; and

the heterocyclyl is a 5- to 10-membered non-aromatic heterocyclic group and may have a bond at any substitutable position of a ring having at least one of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom in the ring, or a ring fused with a cycloalkane, a benzene ring and/or a ring having at least one of a nitrogen atom, an oxygen atom and a sulfur atom in the ring.

2. The compound according to claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein Y is substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl and the substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl is

where R 9 and R 10 are each independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, carboxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl, or substituted or unsubstituted amino: R 11 is each independently halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, carboxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl, or substituted or unsubstituted amino; and m is an integer from 0 to 6.

3. The compound according to claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 2 is hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl.

4. The compound according to claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl.

5. The compound according to claim 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 3 is substituted alkyl, wherein the substituent of substituted alkyl is one or more substituent(s) selected from substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, and/or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl.

6. The compound according to claim 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 3 is substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, or substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl.

7. The compound according to claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

8. The compound according to claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 4 is halogen.

9. A pharmaceutical composition comprising the compound of claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

10. A compound selected from the group consisting of

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

11. A compound of formula (IIIa) or (IIIb),

or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof,

wherein

Z is —N═;

P 1 and P 2 are each independently benzyl, para-methoxybenzyl, acetyl, benzoyl, trimethylsilylethoxymethyl, tetrahydropyranyl, tert-butyldimethylsilyl, or tert-butyldiphenylsilyl;

R 4 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, or substituted or unsubstituted alkyl; and

R 5 is hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, cyano, nitro, carboxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkynyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyl, substituted or unsubstituted alkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted aryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heteroaryloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclyloxy, substituted or unsubstituted alkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted arylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylthio, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylthio, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylthio, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylthio, substituted or unsubstituted alkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted arylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heteroarylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted heterocyclylsulfonyl, substituted or unsubstituted acyl, substituted or unsubstituted carbamoyl, substituted or unsubstituted sulfamoyl, or substituted or unsubstituted amino.

12. The compound according to claim 2 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

13. The compound according to claim 3 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

14. The compound according to claim 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

15. The compound according to claim 5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

16. The compound according to claim 6 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, wherein R 5 is hydrogen.

17. A method for treating diabetes, comprising:

administering the compound of claim 1 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

18. A method for treating diabetes, comprising:

administering the compound of claim 2 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

19. A method for treating diabetes, comprising:

administering the compound of claim 3 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

20. A method for treating diabetes, comprising:

administering the compound of claim 4 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

21. A method for treating diabetes, comprising:

administering the compound of claim 5 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

22. A method for treating diabetes, comprising:

administering the compound of claim 6 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.

23. A method for treating diabetes, comprising:

administering the compound of claim 7 or pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to a patient in need thereof.