Alkylated influenza vaccines
The present invention provides, among other things, improved influenza vaccines based on hemagglutinins containing one or more alkylated cysteine residues. In particular, the present invention provides influenza vaccines containing hemagglutinins treated with an alkylating agent and methods of making the same. Inventive influenza vaccines provided by the present invention have a remarkable ability to retain potency as determined by Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) assay upon storage.
1. An influenza vaccine comprising a hemagglutinin treated with an alkylating agent, wherein the influenza vaccine is substantially free of alkylating agent and retains at least about 90% potency as determined by Single Radial Immunodiffusion (SRID) assay upon storage of about 6 months at a temperature ranging from 1-30° C.
2. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the hemagglutinin contains 1-5, 1-4, 1-3 or 1-2 alkylated cysteine residues.
3. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the hemagglutinin contains one or more alkylated cysteine residues, wherein the one or more alkylated cysteine residues constitute about 1-50%, 1-40%, 1-30%, 1-20% or 1-10% of total cysteine residues present in the hemagglutinin.
4. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein substantially all cysteine residues with free sulfhydryl groups are alkylated.
5. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the hemagglutinin treated with an alkylating agent comprises methylated cysteine residues.
6. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the alkylating agent is selected from the group consisting of 2-iodoacetamide (IOAM), iodoacetic acid, 2-bromoacetamide, glutathione bromoacetamide, bromoacetic acid, 1,3-propane sultone, methyl methanethiosulfonate, methoxycarbonylmethyl disulfide, maleamide, maleimide-PEG, vinylpyridine, N-ethylmaleimide, tosylacetamide, and combination thereof.
7. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the vaccine is a split influenza virus vaccine.
8. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the influenza vaccine is a recombinant influenza vaccine.
9. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the influenza vaccine is an egg based influenza vaccine.
10. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the influenza vaccine is produced in insect cells, mammalian cells, yeast cells, viral cells, fungus or algae.
11. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the influenza vaccine is a monovalent, divalent, trivalent or quadrivalent influenza vaccine.
12. The influenza vaccine of claim 1 , wherein the storage temperature ranges from 2-10° C.
13. The influenza vaccine of claim 6 , wherein the alkylating agent is 2-iodoacetamide (IOAM).