Toner, toner housing unit, image forming apparatus, and image forming method
A toner includes a binder resin. Particles of a metal complex or a salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative having a number-average particle diameter of from 0.2 μm to 1.0 μm are present on the surface of the toner. A coverage of the particles of a metal complex or a salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative over the surface of the toner is from 10% to 50%.
1. A toner, comprising:
a binder resin; and
a metal complex or a salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative,
wherein at least a part of the metal complex or the salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative is present on a surface of the toner, and wherein a coverage of the metal complex or the salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative over the surface of the toner is from 10% to 50%.
2. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the metal complex or the salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid derivative is a metal complex or salt of a salicylic acid derivative having the following formula (1):
wherein R 1 to R 4 independently represent a member selected from the group consisting of a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkenyl group having 2 to 12 carbon atoms, —OH, —NH 2 , —NH(CH 3 ), —N(CH 3 ) 2 , —OCH 3 , —O(C 2 H 5 ), —COOH and —CONH 2 .
3. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the metal complex or the salt of the salicylic acid derivative is a metal complex or a salt of a ditertiary butyl salicylic acid.
4. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the metal forming the metal complex or the salt is Zr 4+ .
5. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the metal complex or the salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative has a number-average particle diameter of from 0.2 μm to 0.5 μm.
6. The toner of claim 1 , wherein a metal forming the metal complex or the salt is a member selected from the group consisting of Al 3+ , Fe 3+ and Zr 4+ .
7. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner has an acid value of from 10 mgKOH/g to 50 mgKOH/g.
8. An image forming method, comprising:
forming an electrostatic latent image on an electrostatic latent image bearer; and
developing the electrostatic latent image with the toner according to claim 1 to form a visible image.
9. A toner housing unit housing the toner according to claim 1 .
10. An image forming apparatus, comprising:
an electrostatic latent image bearer;
an electrostatic latent image forming unit to form an electrostatic latent image on the electrostatic latent image bearer; and
a developing unit to develop the electrostatic latent image with the toner according to claim 1 to form a visible image.
11. The toner of claim 2 , wherein the metal forming the metal complex or the salt is Zr 4+ .
12. The toner of claim 2 , wherein the metal complex or the salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative has a number-average particle diameter of from 0.2 μm to 0.5 μm.
13. The toner of claim 2 , wherein a metal forming the metal complex or the salt is a member selected from the group consisting of Al 3+ , Fe 3+ and Zr 4+ .
14. The toner of claim 2 , wherein the toner has an acid value of from 10 mgKOH/g to 50 mgKOH/g.
15. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the metal complex or the salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid derivative is a metal complex or salt of a salicylic acid derivative having the following formula (2):
wherein m represents an integer of from 1 to 20; n represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 20; s represents 0 or an integer of from 1 to 20; r represents an integer of from 1 to 20; and t-Bu represents a tertiary butyl group.
16. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the toner comprises the particles of the metal complex or the salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid derivative in an amount of from 0.4% to 6% by mass.
17. The toner of claim 2 , wherein the toner comprises the particles of the metal complex or the salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid derivative in an amount of from 0.4% to 6% by mass.
18. The toner of claim 3 , wherein the toner comprises the particles of the metal complex or the salt of the aromatic carboxylic add derivative in an amount of from 0.4% to 6% by mass.
19. The toner of claim 11 , wherein the toner comprises the particles of the metal complex or the salt of the aromatic carboxylic acid derivative in an amount of from 0.4% to 6% by mass.
20. The toner of claim 1 , wherein a metal forming the metal complex or the salt is a member selected from the group consisting of Zn 2+ , Al 3+ , Fe 4+ and Zr 4+ .
21. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the metal complex or the salt of an aromatic carboxylic acid derivative has a number-average particle diameter of from 0.2 μm to 1.0 μm.
22. The toner of claim 1 , wherein the binder resin comprises a polyester resin.
23. The toner of claim 21 , wherein the binder resin comprises a polyester resin.