Circumferential electrode array for tissue ablation
An electrode array supports multiple electrodes and energizes them so that adjacent electrodes do not have the same polarity. In one embodiment, the electrodes are held about a circumference outside and surrounding a tumor and opposed electrodes are energized in a round robin fashion to promote current flow through the center of the tumor from a variety of angles.
1. An electrode array for radiofrequency ablation of a tumor having a diameter, the electrode array comprising:
a set of elongate electrodes for insertion through tissue of an organ wherein the elongate electrodes are adapted to extend through tissue along straight lines;
a holder having guides slidably receiving independently slidable individual elongate electrodes in parallel fashion, the guides displaced in a ring having a diameter greater than the tumor diameter, the holder adapted to position the individual elongate electrodes for extension perpendicular to a plane of the ring in proximity to each other and to surround the tumor to be ablated; and
a radiofrequency power supply independently applying electricity to the electrodes in a changing on and off pattern according to a predetermined time schedule and avoiding simultaneous activation of adjacent electrodes with the same polarity of radiofrequency power wherein the radiofrequency power supply sequentially switches on opposite ones of the electrodes in the holder, whereby current flow through a tumor center is promoted;
wherein the electrodes have a rectangular cross section and wherein the holder is adapted to position a broadest face of the rectangular cross section, being a largest dimension of the rectangular cross section, oriented to face a center of the ring and a normal of the broadest face passing through a center of the ring, to surround the tumor in the organ when extended through tissue.
2. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the radiofrequency power supply applies opposite polarity to adjacent electrodes.
3. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the radiofrequency power supply further controls application of radiofrequency power to the electrodes according to measured changes in impedance or temperature between the electrodes and tissue according to impedance or temperature readings produced by a sensor and delivered to a microprocessor.
4. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the electrodes include a means for controlling the electrode's insertion depth with respect to the holder.
5. The electrode array of claim 1 further including additional holders providing a kit of holders, each holder providing guides displaced along a ring of different diameter, each holder alternatively receiving the set of elongate electrodes.
6. The electrode array of claim 5 wherein the kit of holders provides holders having a different number of guides for receiving a different number of elongate electrodes.
7. The electrode array of claim 5 wherein the kit of holders provides holders having the same number of guides for receiving a same number of elongate electrodes.
8. The electrode array of claim 5 wherein the kit of holders provides holders with guides displaced along rings of different diameters where the diameter is adjustable by fitting the elongate electrodes into different of the holders.
9. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein each electrode is separately removable from the guides of the holder.
10. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein each electrode has a handle on an end of the electrode opposite an insertion end and adapted to be grasped by a physician to position the electrode.
11. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the guides receive the electrodes evenly spaced around the ring.
12. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the guides are slots guiding the electrodes along an insertion axis.
13. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the holder is insulated.
14. The electrode array of claim 13 wherein the holder includes an adhesive on an outer surface of the holder positioned to adhere to skin of a patient during insertion of the electrodes.
15. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the holder is a ring having a central opening.
16. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the electrodes are flattened blades.
17. The electrode array of claim 16 wherein an insertion end of the electrodes has a chiseled point and a sharpened apex.
18. The electrode array of claim 1 wherein the electrodes have graduations marks indicating an insertion depth.