Methods for treating renal disease
The invention features methods for treating or reducing the likelihood of developing a renal disease by administering to a subject in need thereof an agent that decreases expression of a pathogenic APOL1. The agents of the method target various signaling pathways and decrease the level of the pathogenic APOL1 polypeptide.
1. A method of treating or reducing the likelihood of developing focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) in a subject who has not had a kidney transplant, said subject having been identified as being at risk of developing the renal disease based on the presence of:
(i) two copies of the G1 allele of APOL1;
(ii) two copies of the G2 allele of APOL1; or
(iii) one copy of the G1 allele of APOL1 and one copy of the G2 allele of APOL1,
wherein the method comprises administering to the subject an antagonist of Janus kinase 1 (JAK1), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2), or Janus kinase 3 (JAK3).
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antagonist is selected from the group consisting of INCB-018424, TG101348, WHI-P131, and CP-690550.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antagonist inhibits JAK1.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein FSGS specifically leads to damage of the kidneys.
5. The method of claim 1 , further comprising, prior to administering said antagonist, testing said subject for the presence of the APOL1 allele.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject has one copy of the G1 allele of APOL1 and one copy of the G2 allele of APOL1.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is of African or Hispanic ancestry.
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein said subject is an African-American subject.
9. The method of claim 1 , further comprising administering to said subject a therapeutic agent.
10. The method of claim 9 , wherein said therapeutic agent is a blood pressure medication, a steroid, or an immunosuppressive agent.
11. The method of claim 10 , wherein:
i) said blood pressure medication is a diuretic, wherein preferably said diuretic is selected from chlorthalidone, chlorothiazide, furosemide, hydrochlorothiazide, indapamide, metolazone, amiloride hydrochloride, spironolactone, triamterene, bumetanide, and combinations thereof; an alpha adrenergic antagonist, wherein preferably said alpha adrenergic antagonist is selected from alfuzosin, doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, or tamsulosin, and combinations thereof; a central adrenergic inhibitor, wherein preferably said central adrenergic inhibitor is selected from clonidine, guanfacine, methyldopa, and combinations thereof; an angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, wherein said ACE inhibitor is selected from benazepril, captopril, enalapril, fosinopril, lisinopril, moexipril, perindopril, quinapril, ramipril, trandolapril, and combinations thereof; an angiotensin II receptor blocker, wherein said angiotensin II receptor blocker is selected from candesartan, eprosartan, irbesartan, losartan, olmesartan, telmisartan, valsartan, and combinations thereof; an alpha blocker, wherein said an alpha blocker is selected from doxazosin, prazosin, terazosin, and combinations thereof; a beta blocker, wherein said beta blocker is selected from acebutolol, atenolol, betaxolol, bisoprolol, carteolol, metoprolol, nadolol, nebivolol, penbutolol, pindolol, propranolol, solotol, timolol, and combinations thereof; a calcium channel blocker, wherein said calcium channel blocker is selected from amlodipine, bepridil, diltiazem, felodipine, isradipine, nicardipine, nifedipine, nisoldipine, verapamil, and combinations thereof); a vasodilator, wherein said vasodilator is selected from hydralazine, minoxidil, and combinations thereof; and a renin inhibitor, such as aliskiren, and combinations thereof; and/or
ii) said steroid is selected from a corticosteroid, such as cortisone, prednisone, methylprednisolone, prednisolone, and combinations thereof; an anabolic steroid, such as anatrofin, anaxvar, annadrol, bolasterone, decadiabolin, decadurabolin, dehydropiandrosterone (DHEA), delatestryl, dianiabol, dihydrolone, durabolin, dymethazine, enoltestovis, equipose, gamma hydroxybutyrate, maxibolin, methatriol, methyltestosterone, parabolin, primobolin, quinolone, therabolin, trophobolene, winstrol, and combinations thereof; and/or
iii) said immunosuppressive agent is a glucocorticoid, a cytostatic, an antibody, or an anti-immunophilin and/or mychophenolate mofetil (MMF), FK-506, azathioprine, cyclophosphamide, methotrexate, dactinomycin, antithymocyte globulin (ATGAM), an anti-CD20-antibody, a muromonoab-CD3 antibody, basilizimab, daclizumab, cyclosporin, tacrolimus, voclosporin, sirolimus, an interferon, infliximab, etanercept, adalimumab, fingolimod, myriocin, and combinations thereof.
12. The method of claim 1 , further comprising transplanting a donor kidney into the subject after administration of the antagonist, wherein, prior to the transplantation, the donor kidney is contacted with the antagonist.
13. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is in need of a kidney transplant.
14. The method of claim 1 , wherein the method further comprises, after administration of the antagonist, transplanting a donor kidney into the subject.
15. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is a human.
16. The method of claim 1 , wherein said subject is homozygous for the G1 allele of APOL1.
17. The method of claim 1 , wherein the subject is homozygous for the G2 allele of APOL1.
18. The method of claim 1 , wherein administration of said antagonist decreases the level of said polypeptide in said subject relative to the level of said polypeptide in a reference subject having one or two said APOL1 alleles that is not administered said antagonist.
19. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antagonist inhibits JAK2.
20. The method of claim 1 , wherein said antagonist inhibits JAK3.
21. The method of claim 5 , wherein said testing comprises a genomic sequencing assay, polymerase chain reaction assay, fluorescence in situ hybridization assay, or an immunoassay.