Method and apparatus for controlling concentration of free chlorine, and sterilization method and sterilization apparatus each utilizing said method and said apparatus
The method includes a process of (i) and a process of (ii) in this order. In the process of (i), the potential of a first anode and the potential of a first cathode are adjusted in an aqueous solution containing chloride ions so as to increase the concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution. In the process of (ii), the potential of a second anode and the potential of a second cathode are adjusted in the aqueous solution so as to decrease the concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution. The difference between the potential of the second anode and the potential of the second cathode in the process of (ii) is smaller than the difference between the potential of the first anode and the potential of the first cathode in the process of (i).
1. A method for controlling concentration of free chlorine using a plurality of electrodes, the method comprising, in order:
(i) adjusting a potential of a first anode and a potential of a first cathode in an aqueous solution comprising chloride ions, thereby increasing a concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution, and
(ii) adjusting a potential of a second anode and a potential of a second cathode in the aqueous solution, thereby decreasing a concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution, wherein
a difference between the potential of the second anode and the potential of the second cathode in a process of (ii) is smaller than a difference between the potential of the first anode and the potential of the first cathode in a process of (i),
the first anode and the first cathode are composed of one portion and one other portion of the plurality of electrodes, respectively, and
the second anode and the second cathode are composed of one portion and one other portion of the plurality of electrodes, respectively.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
a DC voltage of at least 4 V is applied between the first anode and the first cathode in the process of (i), and
a DC voltage within a range from 0.6 V to 3 V is applied between the second anode and the second cathode in the process of (ii).
3. The method according to claim 2 , wherein
the first anode, the first cathode, the second anode and the second cathode are each an electrode in which platinum exists at a surface of the electrode.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
a surface area of the second cathode is larger than a surface area of the first cathode, and
a surface area of the second cathode is larger than a surface area of the second anode.
5. The method according to claim 4 , wherein
the plurality of electrodes comprises a first electrode used as the first anode, a second electrode used as the first cathode, and a third electrode,
a voltage is not applied to the third electrode in the process of (i), and
the third electrode is used as at least a portion of the second cathode in the process of (ii).
6. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, either between the process of (i) and the process of (ii), or after the process of (ii):
(x) adjusting a potential of a third anode and a potential of a third cathode in the aqueous solution, thereby maintaining a concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution within a fixed range, wherein
the third anode and the third cathode are composed of one portion and one other portion of the plurality of electrodes, respectively.
7. The method according to claim 1 , wherein
during the process of (ii), a difference between a potential of the second anode and a potential of the second cathode is reduced gradually.
8. A sterilization method for performing sterilization using an aqueous solution comprising free chlorine, the sterilization method comprising:
the method according to claim 1 , and
(I) sterilizing a sterilization target using the aqueous solution treated by the process of (i).
9. The sterilization method according to claim 8 , further comprising, after a process of (I):
(II) washing the sterilization target using the aqueous solution treated by the process of (ii).
10. The sterilization method according to claim 8 , wherein
adjustment of the potentials in the process of (i) and the process of (ii) is performed within an electrolytic cell, and
the process of (i) and the process of (ii) are performed in a state where the aqueous solution is circulated between the electrolytic cell and the sterilization target.
11. An apparatus for controlling concentration of free chlorine, the apparatus comprising:
a plurality of electrodes,
a power source for applying a voltage to the plurality of electrodes, and
a controller for controlling the power source, wherein
the controller executes, in order:
(i) adjusting a potential of a first anode and a potential of a first cathode in an aqueous solution comprising chloride ions, thereby increasing a concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution, and
(ii) adjusting a potential of a second anode and a potential of a second cathode in the aqueous solution, thereby decreasing a concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution,
a difference between a potential of the second anode and a potential of the second cathode in a process of (ii) is smaller than a difference between a potential of the first anode and a potential of the first cathode in a process of (i),
the first anode and the first cathode are composed of one portion and one other portion of the plurality of electrodes, respectively, and
the second anode and the second cathode are composed of one portion and one other portion of the plurality of electrodes, respectively.
12. The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein
a DC voltage of at least 4 V is applied between the first anode and the first cathode in the process of (i), and
a DC voltage within a range from 0.6 V to 3 V is applied between the second anode and the second cathode in the process of (ii).
13. The apparatus according to claim 12 , wherein
the first anode, the first cathode, the second anode and the second cathode are each an electrode in which platinum exists at a surface of the electrode.
14. The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein
a surface area of the second cathode is larger than a surface area of the first cathode, and
a surface area of the second cathode is larger than a surface area of the second anode.
15. The apparatus according to claim 14 , wherein
the plurality of electrodes comprises a first electrode used as the first anode, a second electrode used as the first cathode, and a third electrode,
a voltage is not applied to the third electrode in the process of (i), and
the third electrode is used as at least a portion of the second cathode in the process of (ii).
16. The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein either between the process of (i) and the process of (ii), or after the process of (ii), the controller executes:
(x) adjusting a potential of a third anode and a potential of a third cathode in the aqueous solution, thereby maintaining a concentration of free chlorine in the aqueous solution within a fixed range, wherein
the third anode and the third cathode are composed of one portion and one other portion of the plurality of electrodes, respectively.
17. The apparatus according to claim 11 , wherein
during the process of (ii), the controller gradually reduces a difference between a potential of the second anode and a potential of the second cathode.
18. A sterilization apparatus for performing sterilization using an aqueous solution comprising free chlorine, wherein
the sterilization apparatus comprises the apparatus according to claim 11 , and
the controller executes (I) sterilizing a sterilization target using the aqueous solution treated by the process of (i).
19. The sterilization apparatus according to claim 18 , wherein after a process of (I), the controller executes:
(II) washing the sterilization target using the aqueous solution treated by the process of (ii).
20. The sterilization apparatus according to claim 18 , comprising an electrolytic cell in which application of the voltage is performed in the process of (i) and the process of (ii), wherein
the process of (i) and the process of (ii) are performed in a state where the aqueous solution is circulated between the electrolytic cell and the sterilization target.