Scalable source of quantum entangled photons
The present invention provides devices, systems, and methods for producing bi-photons and/or entangled photons without the need for complex alignment or source design by the user. The invention provides a scalable source of high-brightness, high-visibility, bi-photons and entangled photons that can be configured for a number of applications.
1. A device for generating bi-photons and/or entangled photons, comprising:
a nonlinear crystal element comprising a first face, a second face parallel to the first face, and a first axis perpendicular to the first and second faces;
a photon source configured to provide a pump beam traversing a first optical path to a first face of the nonlinear crystal element along the first axis, the nonlinear crystal element providing downconversion of a subset of photons in the pump beam to provide downconverted photons and non-downconverted photons;
a beam splitter positioned in the first optical path between the photon source and the first face of the nonlinear crystal element, the beam splitter configured to direct photons reflected from the first face of the nonlinear crystal element onto a second optical path along a second axis;
a beam profiler configured to receive photons traversing the second optical path from the beam splitter and to provide therefrom an image of the first face of the nonlinear crystal element;
a focusing optic configured to provide adjustment of the position of the pump beam relative to the first axis;
an optical element comprising a dichroic reflector configured to receive photons exiting a second face of the nonlinear crystal element along the first axis and to direct downconverted photons to a third optical path along the first axis, and to direct non-downconverted photons to a fourth optical path along a third axis.
2. A device according to claim 1 , further comprising a first wave plate that is a variable wave plate positioned in the first optical path between the photon source and the first face of the nonlinear crystal element, the first wave plate configured to adjustably modify a polarization state of the pump beam, thereby altering the efficiency of downconverted photon production by the system.
3. A device according to claim 2 , further comprising a second wave plate positioned in the first optical path between the photon source and the first face of the nonlinear crystal element.
4. A device according to claim 3 , wherein the second wave plate is an electronically variable wave plate, the electronically variable wave plate configured to allow modification of the optical phase of the pump beam, thereby altering the optical phase of the downconverted photons.
5. A device according to claim 3 , wherein the second wave plate is a fixed wave plate configured to allow modification of the optical phase of the pump beam, thereby altering the optical phase of the downconverted photons.
6. A device according to claim 3 , wherein the second wave plate is positioned between the photon source and the wave plate.
7. A device according to claim 3 , wherein the second wave plate is positioned between the wave plate and the first face of the nonlinear crystal element.
8. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the photon source is a laser optically coupled to an optical fiber at a first end of the optical fiber, wherein the pump beam exits the optical fiber at a second end thereof, and wherein the second end of the optical fiber is positioned within a translating mount to provide the beam to the focusing optic.
9. A device according to claim 8 , wherein the translating mount is configured to align the pump beam along first axis.
10. A device according to claim 1 , further comprising a filter positioned in the first optical path between the photon source and the beam splitter, the filter configured to remove undesired wavelengths of light from reaching the beam splitter.
11. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the beam profiler comprises a CCD image sensor.
12. A device according to claim 3 , wherein the second wave plate is a half-wave plate.
13. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal element is potted in potting material having an index of refraction lower than the index of refraction of the non-linear crystal.
14. A device according to claim 13 , wherein the potting material is silicone-based rubber.
15. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal element produces Type 0 downconversion.
16. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal element produces Type I downconversion.
17. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal element produces Type II downconversion.
18. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal element is a composite of two non-linear crystals separated by a half wave plate.
19. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the nonlinear crystal element is a composite of a plurality of non-linear crystals, each having a crystal axis oriented ninety degrees relative to an adjacent non-linear crystal.
20. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the fourth optical path comprises an optical element configured to focus the non-downconverted photons onto an end of a second optical fiber.
21. A device according to claim 1 , further comprising a second beam splitter positioned along the third optical path and configured to receive downconverted bi-photons and direct individual bi-photons in a bi-photon pair along separate optical paths.
22. An array comprising a plurality of devices according to claim 1 , wherein non-downconverted photons from the fourth optical path of a first device in the array is utilized as the photon source in a second device in the array.
23. A device according to claim 1 , wherein non-downconverted photons from the fourth optical path are combined with the pump beam and directed along the first optical path as part of the pump beam.
24. A method of providing a scalable photon source, comprising:
providing devices dev 1 through dev n according to claim 1 , wherein n=at least 2, wherein dev 1 comprises a laser as the photon source and devs 2 to n utilize non-downconverted photons from the fourth optical path of dev 1 as the photon source; and
adjusting the polarization of the pump beam relative to the first axis in each of dev 1 through dev n to modify the efficiency of downconverted photon production by each device.
25. A method according to claim 24 , further comprising adjusting the efficiency of downconverted photon production in each of dev 1 through dev n to produce an equal output of downconverted photons from each device.