Systems and methods for water desalinization
An apparatus includes a set of atomizers, a housing and a separator. Each atomizer includes an inlet portion that receives an inlet flow of a solution and an outlet portion that produces an atomized flow of the solution. The housing defines a flow path. Each atomizer is disposed at least partially within the housing such that the outlet portion of each atomizer is in fluid communication with the flow path. The housing is configured such that a gas flowing within the flow path can be sequentially mixed with the atomized flow of the solution produced by the outlet portion of each atomizer to produce a mixture of the gas and the solution. The separator produces a first outlet flow including a portion of the gas and a vaporized portion of a solvent, and a second outlet flow including a liquid portion of the solvent and a solute.
1. An apparatus, comprising:
a housing having an inlet portion and an outlet portion, the housing defining a flow path between the inlet portion and the outlet portion configured to receive a flow of a gas;
a first atomizer at least partially disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the flow path of the housing at a first position, the first atomizer configured to receive an inlet flow of a solution and to output an atomized flow of the solution, the atomized flow of the solution from the first atomizer being mixed with the flow of the gas to produce a first mixture of the gas and the solution;
a second atomizer at least partially disposed in the housing and in fluid communication with the flow path at a second position, downstream of the first position in a direction of flow in the flow path, the second atomizer configured to receive an inlet flow of the solution and to output an atomized flow of the solution, the atomized flow of the solution from the second atomizer being mixed with the flow of the first mixture to produce a second mixture of the gas and the solution, the housing, the first atomizer, and the second atomizer being constructed and arranged such that the flow path proceeds, in order, from the first position to the second position, and from the second position to the outlet portion; and
a separator configured to be fluidically coupled to the outlet portion of the housing, the separator configured to (1) receive the second mixture of the gas and the solution and (2) produce a first outlet flow and a second outlet flow, the first outlet flow including a portion of the gas and a vaporized portion of a solvent from the solution, the second outlet flow including a liquid portion of the solvent from the solution and a solute from the solution; wherein a surface of the housing is configured such that, in use, the gas flowing at the first position within the flow path has an axial velocity component having a first direction and the gas flowing at the second position within the flow path has an axial velocity component having a second direction, the second direction substantially opposite the first direction; wherein the surface comprises a wall portion extending into an interior of the housing and positioned in the flow path between the first atomizer and the second atomizer, the wall portion being configured and arranged to define a bend in the flow path to result in a reversal of a direction of the axial velocity component; wherein the flow path is a serpentine path; wherein the serpentine path is defined by at least one baffle positioned between the first atomizer and the second atomizer; and further comprising a condenser, configured and arranged to receive and condense the first outlet flow.
2. The apparatus of claim 1 , wherein:
the first atomizer is configured to be fluidically coupled to a source of inlet gas, the first atomizer defining at least a portion of a gas flow path such that a first portion of an inlet gas from the source of inlet gas is conveyed to the first atomizer via the gas flow path, the first atomizer configured to mix the inlet flow of the solution and the first portion of the inlet gas to produce the atomized flow of the solution; and
the inlet portion of the housing is configured to be fluidically coupled to the source of inlet gas such that a second portion of the inlet gas from the source of inlet gas is, in use, conveyed into the flow path via the inlet portion of the housing.