Back side illumination image sensor with non-planar optical interface
An image sensor that includes a substrate having front and back surfaces, a plurality of photo detectors formed adjacent the front surface, a plurality of contact pads at the front surface and electrically coupled to the photo detectors, and a plurality of light manipulation components disposed on a portion of the back surface. The photo detectors are configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident through the light manipulation components and through the portion of the back surface. The portion of the back surface has a non-planar shape.
1. An image sensor comprising:
a substrate having front and back surfaces;
a plurality of photo detectors formed adjacent the front surface and disposed in a single plane;
a plurality of contact pads at the front surface and electrically coupled to the photo detectors;
a plurality of light manipulation components disposed on a portion of the back surface;
wherein the photo detectors are configured to generate electrical signals in response to light incident through the light manipulation components and through the portion of the back surface;
wherein the portion of the back surface has a curved convex or curved concave shape such that an amount of the substrate between the back surface and photo detectors adjacent a center of the plurality of photo detectors is different than an amount of the substrate between the back surface and photo detectors adjacent a periphery of the plurality of photo detectors.
2. The image sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:
circuitry adjacent the front surface and electrically coupled between the plurality of photo detectors and the plurality of contact pads, wherein the circuitry is disposed in a single plane.
3. The image sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a second substrate attached to the front surface.
4. The image sensor of claim 1 , wherein the light manipulation components comprise color filters.
5. The image sensor of claim 1 , wherein the light manipulation components comprise micro lenses.
6. The image sensor of claim 1 , wherein the light manipulation components comprise:
color filters mounted directly on the portion of the back surface, and
micro lenses mounted directly on the color filters.
7. The image sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a lens assembly that includes:
a housing mounted on the back surface, and
one or more lenses in the housing and positioned for focusing light onto the plurality of light manipulation components.
8. The image sensor of claim 7 , wherein the one or more lenses have a curved focal plane positioned at the plurality of the light manipulation components or at the portion of the back surface.
9. The image sensor of claim 8 , wherein a shape of the curved focal plane and the curved convex or curved concave shape of the portion of the back surface are the same.
10. The image sensor of claim 1 , further comprising:
a plurality of light shielding material layers each extending from the back surface to one of the optical detectors and configured to guide incoming light from the back surface to the one optical detector by reflection.
11. The image sensor of claim 1 , wherein:
a first sub-plurality of the photo detectors have a first lateral size;
a second sub-plurality of the photo detectors have a second lateral size; and
the first size is smaller than the second size.
12. The image sensor of claim 11 , wherein the first sub-plurality of the photo detectors are disposed closer to the back surface than the second sub-plurality of the photo detectors.