System and apparatus for axial field rotary energy device
An axial field rotary energy device can include a rotor having an axis of rotation and a magnet; a stator coaxial with the rotor, the stator can have a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of PCB layers that are spaced apart in an axial direction, each PCB layer can include a coil having only two terminals for electrical connections, each coil is continuous and uninterrupted between its only two terminals, each coil consists of a single electrical phase, and one of the two terminals of each coil is electrically coupled to another coil with a via to define a coil pair; and each coil pair is electrically coupled to another coil pair with another via.
1. An axial field rotary energy device, comprising:
a rotor comprising an axis of rotation and a magnet;
a stator coaxial with the rotor, the stator comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of PCB layers that are spaced apart in an axial direction, each PCB layer comprises a respective plurality of co-planar coils, each coil having only two terminals for electrical connections, each coil on a given PCB layer is continuous and uninterrupted between its only two terminals, each coil on a given PCB layer is entirely non-overlapping with other coils on the given PCB layer;
wherein no two adjacent coils on a given PCB layer are directly connected, but rather the adjacent coils of every pair of adjacent coils on the given PCB layer are coupled together through one or more coils on one or more other PCB layers, so that a current flowing through a given coil on a given PCB layer flows through at least one coil on another PCB layer before flowing through an adjacent coil on the given PCB layer; and
wherein a current flowing in a given rotational direction around a first coil on a given PCB layer likewise flows in the given rotational direction around a second coil adjacent to the first coil and disposed on the given PCB layer, so that the direction of current flow in an outermost radial trace of the first coil is opposite the direction of current flow in an adjacent outermost radial trace of the adjacent second coil.
2. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the current flowing in the given rotational direction around the first coil on the given PCB layer likewise flows in the same rotational direction around every other coil disposed on the given PCB layer.
3. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the coils are series-connected within each layer pair, with no coil pair having both coils on the same PCB layer.
4. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 3 , wherein the layer pairs are series-connected.
5. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 3 , wherein the layer pairs are parallel-connected.
6. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 3 , wherein all series pairs of coils are disposed on two different PCB layers, and are connected together by one or more vias on the PCB rather than a connection external to the PCB.
7. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein each coil forms a complete coil on a single PCB layer without intervening traces on another PCB layer.
8. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein each PCB layer comprises a PCB layer surface area, the plurality of coils on each PCB layer comprises a coils surface area that is in a range of at least about 75% to about 99% of the PCB layer surface area.
9. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the coils on each PCB layer are symmetrically spaced apart about the axis, and the coils in axially adjacent PCB layers are circumferentially aligned with each other relative to the axis to define symmetric stacks of coils in the axial direction.
10. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the stator consists of a single electrical phase.
11. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the stator comprises at least two electrical phases.
12. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the stator is implemented as a single unitary panel.
13. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the stator comprises multiple stator segments coupled together about the axis, each comprising a respective PCB.
14. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 13 , wherein each of the stator segments includes a respective plurality of coils having the same electrical phase.
15. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the axial field rotary energy device is a generator.
16. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the axial field rotary energy device is a motor.
17. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 1 , wherein the axial field rotary energy device comprises two or more electrical phases and two or more external terminals.
18. An axial field rotary energy device, comprising:
a rotor comprising an axis of rotation and a magnet; and
a stator coaxial with the rotor, the stator comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of PCB layers that are spaced apart in an axial direction, each PCB layer comprises a respective plurality of co-planar coils, each coil having only two terminals for electrical connections, each coil on a given PCB layer is continuous and uninterrupted between its only two terminals, each coil on a given PCB layer is entirely non-overlapping with other coils on the given PCB layer;
wherein no two adjacent coils on a given PCB layer are directly connected, but rather the adjacent coils of every pair of adjacent coils on the given PCB layer are coupled together through one or more coils on one or more other PCB layers, so that a current flowing through a given coil on a given PCB layer flows through at least one coil on another PCB layer before flowing through an adjacent coil on the given PCB layer;
wherein the coils are series-connected within each layer pair, with no coil pair having both coils on the same PCB layer; and
wherein the layer pairs are series-connected.
19. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 18 , wherein each coil forms a complete coil on a single PCB layer without intervening traces on another PCB layer.
20. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 18 , wherein:
the stator consists of a single electrical phase; and
the axial field rotary energy device comprises a motor.
21. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 18 , wherein the axial field rotary energy device comprises a generator.
22. An axial field rotary energy device, comprising:
a rotor comprising an axis of rotation and a magnet; and
a stator coaxial with the rotor, the stator comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of PCB layers that are spaced apart in an axial direction, each PCB layer comprises a respective plurality of co-planar coils, each coil having only two terminals for electrical connections, each coil on a given PCB layer is continuous and uninterrupted between its only two terminals, each coil on a given PCB layer is entirely non-overlapping with other coils on the given PCB layer;
wherein a current flowing in a given rotational direction around a first coil on a given PCB layer likewise flows in the given rotational direction around a second coil adjacent to the first coil and disposed on the given PCB layer, so that the direction of current flow in an outermost radial trace of the first coil is opposite the direction of current flow in an adjacent outermost radial trace of the adjacent second coil;
wherein the coils are series-connected within each layer pair, with no coil pair having both coils on the same PCB layer; and
wherein the layer pairs are parallel-connected.
23. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 22 , wherein:
each coil forms a complete coil on a single PCB layer without intervening traces on another PCB layer;
the stator consists of a single electrical phase; and
the axial field rotary energy device comprises a motor.
24. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 22 , wherein the axial field rotary energy device comprises a generator.
25. An axial field rotary energy device, comprising:
a rotor comprising an axis of rotation and a magnet;
a stator coaxial with the rotor, the stator comprising a printed circuit board (PCB) having a plurality of PCB layers that are spaced apart in an axial direction, each PCB layer comprises a respective plurality of co-planar coils, each coil having only two terminals for electrical connections, each coil on a given PCB layer is continuous and uninterrupted between its only two terminals, each coil on a given PCB layer is entirely non-overlapping with other coils on the given PCB layer, and each coil forms a complete coil on a single PCB layer without intervening traces on another PCB layer;
wherein one of the two terminals of each coil is electrically coupled to another coil with a via to define a coil pair, and each coil pair is electrically coupled to another coil pair with a respective another via;
wherein no two adjacent coils on a given PCB layer are directly connected, but rather the adjacent coils of every pair of adjacent coils on the given PCB layer are coupled together through one or more coils on one or more other PCB layers, so that a current flowing through a given coil on a given PCB layer flows through at least one coil on another PCB layer before flowing through another coil on the given PCB layer;
wherein the coils are series-connected within each layer pair, with no coil pair having both coils on the same PCB layer; and
wherein a current flowing in a given rotational direction around a first coil on a given PCB layer likewise flows in the given rotational direction around a second coil adjacent to the first coil and disposed on the given PCB layer, so that the direction of current flow in an outermost radial trace of the first coil is opposite the direction of current flow in an adjacent outermost radial trace of the adjacent second coil.
26. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 25 , wherein the layer pairs are parallel-connected.
27. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 26 , wherein:
the stator consists of a single electrical phase; and
the axial field rotary energy device comprises a motor.
28. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 27 , wherein the stator comprises multiple unitary panels, each comprising a plurality of coils having the same electrical phase.
29. The axial field rotary energy device of claim 25 , wherein:
the stator comprises multiple electrical phases; and
the axial field rotary energy device comprises a motor.