Systems and methods for distillation of water from seawater, brackish water, waste waters, and effluent waters
The present invention relates to water purification using solar energy. More specifically, systems and methods according to the present invention collect solar energy to heat non-potable water in a super-insulated structure. Compressed heated air is injected to evaporate water vapor out of brackish water, saltwater, or dirty water, thereby creating saturated air. The saturated air is drawn through a cooling tower and distilled water is precipitated. The systems and methods employ heat recovery and recycling processes to maximize energy efficiency.
1. A method for purifying water, comprising:
(a) collecting solar energy;
(b) heating a heat transfer fluid with the collected solar energy;
(c) heating non-potable water by heat exchange with the heat transfer fluid;
(d) compressing intake air to form compressed air having a temperature of between about 208° F. and about 210° F.;
(e) combining the heated non-potable water and the compressed air in a distillation tower to form saturated air and a concentrated effluent, wherein the compressed air is injected into the distillation tower by a plurality of microbubble nozzles located at a vertical midpoint of a water column comprising the heated non-potable water and the concentrated effluent;
(f) cooling the saturated air to form distilled water and cool, dry air;
(g) heating at least a portion of the cool, dry air to form preheated air for recycle as at least a portion of the intake air;
(h) collecting the distilled water; and
(i) collecting the concentrated effluent for subsequent treatment.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least steps (d) through (g) are carried out in a super-insulated structure made substantially of concrete to minimize heat loss.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein at least steps (d) through (g) are carried out in a super-insulated structure made substantially of steel to minimize heat loss.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein step (a) is carried out by a parabolic trough solar collector.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the heat transfer fluid comprises at least one of a synthetic oil and a molten salt.
6. The method of claim 1 , further comprising pumping the collected distilled water into a supply pipeline.
7. The method of claim 1 , further comprising recovering at least a portion of waste heat generated by any one or more of steps (b) through (g).
8. The method of claim 7 , wherein, in the recovering step, at least a portion of waste heat generated by step (d) is recovered.
9. The method of claim 7 , wherein, in the recovering step, at least a portion of waste heat generated by step (f) is recovered.
10. The method of step 1 , wherein the non-potable water comprises saltwater.