System and method for dewatering coal combustion residuals
The installation of prefabricated drains in a horizontal, generally co-planar pattern below the surface of the CCR with suction or a vacuum to withdraw water from the CCR material to lower the water level down to the level of the prefabricated drains below the CCR surface. Dewatering may be coupled with imparting vibrations to the material to further promote both additional dewatering and compaction of the CCR material in the pond. A suitably graded bottom ash, fly ash, sand or large-diameter-solid particle layer may be added on top of the horizontal drains to enhance dewatering of finer CCR material.
1. A method for dewatering coal combustion residuals comprising:
installing a plurality of co-planar drains in a coal combustion residual pond underneath at least a portion of the coal combustion residuals;
applying vacuum pressure to the plurality of co-planar drains, thereby drawing water from the coal combustion residuals, through a water permeable material, and through the plurality of co-planar drains.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of co-planar drains are, at least in part, with a water permeable geotextile materials.
3. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of co-planar drains are, at least in part, perforated.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of drains are substantially tubular in shape and are fluidly connected to a single device for applying the vacuum pressure.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of co-planar drains underneath at least a portion of the coal combustion residuals are installed by drilling horizontally through the coal combustion residuals in order to install the drains.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of co-planar drains underneath at least a portion of the coal combustion residuals are installed by knifing through the coal combustion residuals by trenching or plowing with mechanical equipment in order to install the drains.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of co-planar drains underneath at least a portion of the coal combustion residuals are installed by knifing through the solids with water jets in order to install the drains.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the plurality of co-planar drains underneath at least a portion of the coal combustion residuals are installed at a depth of approximately 1 to 20 ft. below the coal combustion residual's surface.
9. The method of claim 1 , wherein in addition to applying vacuum pressure to the plurality of co-planar drains vibrational energy is applied to the coal combustion residual's surface.
10. The method of claim 1 , wherein in addition to applying vacuum pressure to the plurality of co-planar drains vibrational energy is applied to the surface of the coal combustion residuals by driving machinery across the surface of the coal combustion residuals to impart vibrations.
11. A method for dewatering coal combustion residuals comprising:
installing a plurality of co-planar drains in a coal combustion residual pond on top of the coal combustion residuals, the drains being covered, at least in part, with a water permeable material;
adding coal combustion residuals on top of the drains;
applying vacuum pressure to the plurality of co-planar drains, thereby drawing water.
12. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of co-planar drains are covered, at least in part, with a water permeable geotextile material.
13. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of drains are, at least in part, perforated.
14. The method of claim 11 , wherein each of the plurality of drains are substantially tubular in shape and are fluidly connected to a single vacuum pump.
15. The method of claim 11 , wherein a 3-inch to 4-foot thick layer of previously dewatered bottom ash, fly ash, sand or large-diameter-solid particles is place over the plurality of co-planar drains to aid in the dewatering of finer coal combustion residuals material.
16. The method of claim 11 , wherein in addition to applying vacuum pressure to the plurality of co-planar drains vibrational energy is applied to the coal combustion residual's surface after the coal combustion residuals have been placed on top of the plurality of drains.