Display apparatus having gate driving circuit

1. A display apparatus comprising:

a display panel comprising a plurality of pixels respectively connected to a plurality of gate lines;

a gate driving circuit comprising a plurality of driving stages configured to apply gate signals to the gate lines;

a voltage generator configured to output a gate-on voltage through a voltage output terminal thereof; and

a signal controller configured to sense a variation in current of the voltage output terminal to output a back bias control voltage corresponding to the sensed current variation; and

a clock generator configured to receive the gate-on voltage and to apply at least one clock signal and at least one low-level voltage to the gate driving circuit,

wherein each of the driving stages comprises a plurality of oxide thin film transistors and at least one of the oxide thin film transistors is a four-terminal transistor in which a threshold voltage thereof is controlled by the back bias control voltage,

wherein the gate driving circuit further comprises:

a back bias voltage signal line configured to transmit the back bias control voltage to each of the driving stages;

a clock signal line configured to apply the at least one clock signal to each of the driving stages; and

a low-level voltage line configured to transmit the at least one low-level voltage to each of the driving stages,

wherein the driving stages are configured to output the gate signals in response to the back bias control voltage, the at least one clock signal, and the at least one low-level voltage, and

wherein a k-th (k is a natural number equal to or greater than 2) driving stage of the driving stages comprises:

a first output transistor comprising a control electrode configured to receive an output control signal of a first node, an input electrode configured to receive the at least one clock signal, and an output electrode configured to output a k-th gate signal;

a second output transistor comprising a control electrode configured to receive the output control signal of the first node, an input electrode configured to receive the at least one clock signal, and an output electrode configured to output a k-th carry signal; and

a controller configured to output the output control signal to the first node in response to the at least one clock signal, a (k−1)th carry signal output from a (k−1)th driving stage, and a (k+1)th carry signal output from a (k+1)th driving stage.

2. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the first and second output transistors is the four-terminal transistor in which the threshold voltage thereof is controlled according to the back bias control voltage.

3. The display apparatus of claim 1 , wherein the (k-th) driving stage further comprises:

a first pull-down part between the output electrode of the first output transistor and the at least one low-level voltage and configured to pull-down the output electrode of the first output transistor to the at least one low-level voltage in response to a pull-down control signal of a second node and the (k+1)th carry signal output from the (k+1)th driving stage; and

a second pull-down part between the output electrode of the second output transistor and the at least one low-level voltage and configured to pull-down the output electrode of the second output transistor to the at least one low-level voltage in response to the pull-down control signal of the second node and the (k+1)th carry signal output from the (k+1)th driving stage, wherein the controller is configured to apply the pull-down control signal to the second node.

4. The display apparatus of claim 3 , wherein the at least one low-level voltage output from the clock generator comprises a first low-level voltage and a second low-level voltage, the first pull-down part is between the output electrode of the first output transistor and the first low-level voltage, and the second pull-down part is between the output electrode of the second output transistor and the second low-level voltage.

5. The display apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first and second low-level voltages have different voltage levels from each other.

6. The display apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the controller comprises:

a fifth transistor between the at least one clock signal and a third node and comprising a control electrode configured to receive the at least one clock signal;

a sixth transistor between the at least one clock signal and the output terminal of the second transistor and comprising a control electrode connected to the third node;

a seventh transistor between the third node and the second low-level voltage and comprising a control electrode connected to the output electrode of the second transistor; and

an eighth transistor between the second node and the second low-level voltage and comprising a control electrode connected to the output electrode of the second transistor.

7. The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein at least one of the seventh and eighth transistors is the four-terminal transistor in which the threshold voltage thereof is controlled by the back bias control voltage.

8. The display apparatus of claim 6 , wherein the controller further comprises:

a third transistor between the (k−1)th carry signal output from the (k−1)th stage and the first node and comprising a control electrode configured to receive the (k−1)th carry signal; and

a fourth transistor between the first node and the second low-level voltage and comprising a control electrode configured to receive the (k+1)th carry signal output from the (k+1)th stage.

9. The display apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the first pull-down part comprises:

a tenth transistor between the output electrode of the first output transistor and the first low-level voltage and comprising a control electrode configured to receive the pull-down control signal of the second node; and

an eleventh transistor between the output electrode of the first output transistor and the first low-level voltage and comprising a control electrode configured to receive the (k+1)th carry signal output from the (k+1)th stage.

10. The display apparatus of claim 4 , wherein the second pull-down part comprises:

a twelfth transistor between the output electrode of the second output transistor and the at least one low-level voltage and comprising a control electrode configured to receive the pull-down control signal of the second node; and

a thirteenth transistor between the output electrode of the second output transistor and the at least one low-level voltage and comprising a control electrode configured to receive the (k+1)th carry signal output from the (k+1)th stage.

11. A display apparatus comprising:

a display panel comprising a plurality of pixels respectively connected to a plurality of gate lines;

a gate driving circuit comprising a plurality of driving stages configured to apply gate signals to the gate lines;

a voltage generator configured to output a gate-on voltage through a voltage output terminal thereof; and

a signal controller configured to sense a variation in current of the voltage output terminal to output a back bias control voltage corresponding to the sensed current variation,

wherein each of the driving stages comprises a plurality of oxide thin film transistors and at least one of the oxide thin film transistors is a four-terminal transistor in which a threshold voltage thereof is controlled by the back bias control voltage, and

wherein the signal controller comprises:

a current sensor configured to sense the current variation of the voltage output terminal to output a sensing voltage corresponding to the sensed current variation;

an analog-to-digital converter configured to convert the sensing voltage to a digital sensing signal;

a timing controller configured to output a bias voltage signal in response to the digital sensing signal;

a digital-to-analog converter configured to convert the bias voltage signal to an analog bias voltage signal; and

an output amplifier configured to convert the analog bias voltage signal to the back bias control voltage.

12. The display apparatus of claim 11 , wherein the timing controller is further configured to output a sensing control signal, which is periodically activated, and the current sensor is configured to output the sensing voltage in synchronization with the sensing control signal.

13. The display apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the timing controller is configured to output the bias voltage signal in response to the digital sensing signal applied thereto when a predetermined time elapses after the sensing control signal.