Antenna modules and systems, and applications and methods of manufacturing thereof
Antenna modules and systems, and applications and methods of manufacturing thereof, are described herein. An example radio frequency (RF) signal transmitter includes a data signal port to receive a baseband data signal; a carrier signal port to receive an initial carrier signal; and an antenna module coupled to the signal ports. The antenna module includes: a substrate with a front face that has a phased array of active antenna elements that includes at least two columns of the active antenna elements; and a rear face that has, for each column, a RF signal launcher to receive a RF data signal for the column; and a transmitting module mounted to the rear face. The transmitting module has, for each column of active antenna elements: a combiner to form the RF data signal; and a RF signal port to transmit the RF data signal to the RF signal launcher.
1. A radio frequency signal transmitter comprising:
a data signal port for receiving a baseband data signal;
a carrier signal port for receiving an initial carrier signal; and
an antenna module coupled to each of the data signal port and the carrier signal port, the antenna module comprising:
a substrate having:
a front face having a phased array of active antenna elements, the phased array of active antenna elements including at least two columns of the active antenna elements; and
a rear face opposite the front face, the rear face having, for each column of active antenna elements, a radio frequency (RF) signal launcher to receive a RF data signal for the column of active antenna elements; and
a transmitting module mounted to the rear face of the substrate, the transmitting module comprising, for each column of active antenna elements:
a combiner to combine the baseband data signal and a version of the initial carrier signal to form the RF data signal; and
a RF signal port to transmit the RF data signal to the RF signal launcher, wherein: the transmitting module comprises: a frequency multiplier to receive the initial carrier signal from the carrier signal port and to convert the initial carrier signal to a second version of the initial carrier signal, wherein a frequency of the second version of the initial carrier signal is equal to a frequency of the initial carrier signal multiplied by a first multiplication factor; and the combiner forms the RF data signal using the baseband data signal and the second version of the initial carrier signal.
2. The device of claim 1 , wherein a number of active antenna elements in each column is a power of two.
3. The device of claim 1 , wherein each column comprises a pair of passive antenna elements positioned at opposite ends of the column.
4. The device of claim 1 , wherein each column is positioned substantially equidistant from a neighboring column.
5. The device of claim 1 , wherein each column comprises at least four active antenna elements.
6. The device of claim 1 , wherein:
the frequency multiplier converts the second version of the initial carrier signal to a third version of the initial carrier signal, wherein a frequency of the third version of the initial carrier signal is equal to the frequency of the initial carrier signal multiplied by a second multiplication factor; and
the combiner forms the RF data signal using the baseband data signal and the third version of the initial carrier signal.
7. The device of claim 6 , wherein: the frequency multiplier comprises a first multiplier stage and a second multiplier stage; and
for every two columns of the at least two columns,
the first multiplier stage comprises a distributed local oscillator for generating the second version of the initial carrier signal; and
for each column of the two columns, the second multiplier stage is coupled to the distributed local oscillator to receive the second version of the initial carrier signal and to generate the third version of the initial carrier signal.
8. The device of claim 1 , wherein each RF signal launcher comprises a stub for directing the RF data signal to the column of active antenna elements.
9. The device of claim 1 further comprises an enclosure layer mounted to the front face and the enclosure layer comprises a radome.
10. The device of claim 1 further comprises an enclosure layer mounted to the front face and the enclosure layer comprises a lens positioned to enclose the phased array of antenna elements.
11. The device of claim 1 , wherein the rear face comprises at least one spacer to maintain a substantially uniform distance between the substrate and the transmitting module.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the spacer is positioned at each RF signal launcher.
13. The device of claims 11 , wherein the spacer comprises a solder stop.
14. A radio frequency signal receiver comprising:
a data signal port for transmitting a baseband data signal;
a carrier signal port for receiving an initial carrier signal; and
an antenna module coupled to each of the data signal port and the carrier signal port, the antenna module comprising:
a substrate having:
a front face having a phased array of active antenna elements, the phased array of active antenna elements including at least two columns of the active antenna elements; and
a rear face opposite the front face, the rear face having, for each column of active antenna elements, a radio frequency (RF) signal launcher for receiving a RF data signal from the column of active antenna elements; and
a receiving module mounted to the rear face of the substrate, the receiving module comprising, for each column of active antenna elements:
a RF signal port coupled to the RF signal launcher to receive the RF data signal from the column of active antenna elements; and
a detector to retrieve the baseband data signal from the RF data signal using a version of the initial carrier signal, wherein the receiving module comprises: a frequency multiplier to receive the initial carrier signal from the carrier signal port and to convert the initial carrier signal to a second version of the initial carrier signal, wherein a frequency of the second version of the initial carrier signal is equal to a frequency of the initial carrier signal multiplied by a first multiplication factor; and the detector retrieves the baseband data signal using the second version of the initial carrier signal.
15. The device of claim 14 , wherein a number of active antenna elements in each column is a power of two.
16. The device of claim 14 , wherein each column comprises a pair of passive antenna elements positioned at opposed ends of the column.
17. The device of claim 14 , wherein:
the frequency multiplier converts the second version of the initial carrier signal to a third version of the initial carrier signal, wherein a frequency of the third version of the initial carrier signal is equal to the frequency of the initial carrier signal multiplied by a second multiplication factor; and
the detector retrieves the baseband data signal using the third version of the initial carrier signal.
18. The device of claim 17 , wherein: the frequency multiplier comprises a first multiplier stage and a second multiplier stage; and
for every two columns of the at least two columns,
the first multiplier stage comprises a distributed local oscillator for generating the second version of the initial carrier signal; and
for each column of the two columns, the second multiplier stage is coupled to the distributed local oscillator to receive the second version of the initial carrier signal and to generate the third version of the initial carrier signal.
19. The device of claim 14 , wherein each RF signal launcher comprises a stub for directing the RF data signal to the RF signal port from the column of active antenna elements.
20. The device of claim 14 , further comprises an enclosure layer mounted to the front face and the enclosure layer comprises a radome.
21. The device of claim 14 , further comprises an enclosure layer mounted to the front face and the enclosure layer comprises a lens positioned to enclose the phased array of antenna elements.
22. The device of claim 14 , wherein the rear face comprises at least one spacer to maintain a substantially uniform distance between the substrate and the receiving module.
23. A transceiver comprising:
a radio frequency (RF) signal transmitter comprising:
a transmitter data signal port for receiving an outgoing baseband data signal;
a transmitter carrier signal port for receiving an initial transmitter carrier signal;
a transmitter substrate having:
a front face having a phased array of active antenna elements, the phased array of active antenna elements including at least two columns of the active antenna elements; and
a rear face opposite the front face, the rear face having, for each column of active antenna elements, a RF signal launcher to receive a RF data signal for the column of active antenna elements; and
a transmitting module mounted to the rear face of the substrate, the transmitting module comprising, for each column of active antenna elements:
a combiner to combine the outgoing baseband data signal and a version of the initial transmitter carrier signal to form the RF data signal; and
a RF signal port to transmit the RF data signal to the RF signal launcher, wherein: the transmitting module comprises: a frequency multiplier to receive the initial carrier signal from the carrier signal port and to convert the initial carrier signal to a second version of the initial carrier signal, wherein a frequency of the second version of the initial carrier signal is equal to a frequency of the initial carrier signal multiplied by a first multiplication factor; and the combiner forms the RF data signal using the baseband data signal and the second version of the initial carrier signal;
a RF signal receiver comprising:
a receiver data signal port for receiving an incoming RF data signal;
a receiver substrate having:
an isolator separating the RF signal transmitter and the RF signal receiver.