Cooling agent for cold packs and food and beverage containers
Safe, stable, non-toxic and recyclable cooling agent compositions comprising solid particulate compounds undergo an endothermic process when mixed with water such that the resulting mixture is useful for cooling surfaces, liquids and solids. The mixtures include ammonium nitrate in an amount of at least 45 wt % of the mixture. Total nitrogen-containing salts exclusive of phosphates are present in an amount less than 68% by weight of the composition. A phosphate salt is also present in an amount as needed to stabilize the composition against detonation. A balance of additional salts is formulated to provide the mixture with a cooling capacity of at least 240 kJ/kg of the mixture.
1. A cooling agent composition comprising: a nitrogen-containing salt material present in an amount ranging from 45% to 68% by weight the composition exclusive of water or other liquid, the nitrogen-containing salt material including at least in part ammonium nitrate and no greater than 15% by weight potassium nitrate and less than 1% by weight each for both fumed silica and a coloring additive; the nitrogen-containing salt material being exclusive of phosphate salts; a phosphate salt including an amount of phosphate sufficient to stabilize the ammonium nitrate from detonation; and a balance of salts formulated to provide the composition with a cooling capacity of at least 240 kJ/kg of the mixture.
2. The salt mixture of claim 1 , wherein the phosphate salt is monobasic ammonium phosphate.
3. The salt mixture of claim 2 , wherein the ammonium nitrate is present in an amount greater than 50 wt %.
4. The salt mixture of claim 1 , wherein the ammonium nitrate is present in an amount greater than 60 wt %.
5. The salt mixture of claim 1 , wherein the balance of salts includes a chloride salt and provides the mixture with a cooling capacity of at least 245 kJ/kg.
6. The salt mixture of claim 1 , wherein the balance of salts provides the mixture with a cooling capacity of at least 250 kJ/kg.
7. The salt mixture of claim 1 , wherein the balance of salts provides the mixture with a cooling capacity of at least 255 kJ/kg.
8. A closed loop cooling system, comprising: a cooling agent composition according to claim 1 ; a mixing chamber operably configured for combining the cooling agent composition with water to provide coolant an endothermic effect; refrigeration coils configured to receive coolant from the mixing chamber and to discharge spent coolant after the coolant has cooled the refrigeration coils; and a plurality of membrane separation units constructed as a closed-loop system utilizing forward osmosis in combination with a second membrane separation technology selected from the group consisting of ultrafiltration, reverse osmosis, nanofiltration, graphene, molecular sieve, membrane crystallization and combinations thereof for recycling of the spent coolant to produce discrete flow streams as recovered water and salt concentrate; and recycle pathways for introducing the discrete flow streams to the mixing chamber.
9. In a closed loop refrigeration system, the improvement comprising: a salt-based cooling agent composition according to claim 1 in concentrated form in a closed loop refrigeration cycle, the cooling agent composition having a capacity to provide an endothermic effect to enhance cooling when mixed with water; means for mixing the cooling agent composition with water to provide the endothermic effect; means for recycling the salt material for recrystallization by transfer across a membrane to remove excess water; means for drawing the excess water from the cooling agent through the membrane; and means for recovering the excess water for reuse by mixing the water with concentrated cooling agent, wherein the closed loop refrigeration system is arranged for cooling at least one of: (1) a house, (2) a data center, (3) a computer room, (4) an industrial facility, (5) the bearings of a solar wind turbine, (6) a solar panel, (7) food, (8) beverages, and (9) medicines, and the closed loop refrigeration system is constructed and arranged as a cooling tower from at least one of: (1) a counterflow tower, and (2) a crossflow tower and the cooling agent composition has a dual use as a fertilizer material according to an industry recognized blend of NPK materials.