Wavelength-tunable III-V/Si hybrid optical transmitter
An optical transmitter includes a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA) coupled to an input end of a first optical waveguide. An end of the first optical waveguide provides a transmitter output for the optical transmitter. Moreover, a section of the first optical waveguide between the input end and the output end is optically coupled to a ring modulator that modulates an optical signal based on an electrical input signal. A passive ring filter (or a 1×N silicon-photonic switch and a bank of band reflectors) is connected to provide a mirror that reflects light received from the second optical waveguide back toward the RSOA to form a lasing cavity. Moreover, the ring modulator and the passive ring filter have different sizes, which causes a Vernier effect that provides a large wavelength tuning range for the lasing cavity in response to tuning the ring modulator and the passive ring filter.
1. An optical transmitter, comprising:
a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA);
a ring modulator that modulates an optical signal based on an electrical input signal;
a first optical waveguide with an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is coupled to the RSOA, the output end provides a transmitter output for the optical transmitter, and a section of the first optical waveguide between the input end and the output end is optically coupled to the ring modulator;
a second optical waveguide optically coupled to the ring modulator; and
a passive ring filter optically coupled to the second optical waveguide;
wherein the passive ring filter is connected to provide a mirror that reflects light received from the second optical waveguide back toward the RSOA to form a lasing cavity, wherein the lasing cavity includes the RSOA, the first optical waveguide, the ring modulator, the second optical waveguide and the passive ring filter;
wherein the ring modulator and the passive ring filter have different sizes, which causes a Vernier effect that provides a large wavelength tuning range for the lasing cavity in response to tuning the ring modulator and the passive ring filter; and
wherein the second optical waveguide is coupled to a Y-junction, which splits light received from the second optical waveguide between a third optical waveguide and a fourth optical waveguide that pass along opposite sides of the passive ring filter, whereby the passive ring filter functions as a ring mirror that reflects the light received from the second optical waveguide back toward the RSOA to form the lasing cavity.
2. The optical transmitter of claim 1 ,
wherein the lasing cavity includes a thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) compensator comprising a section of compensation material;
wherein the lasing cavity includes a length l Si through silicon, a length l C through the compensation material, and a length l OGM through the optical gain material;
wherein the effective refractive index of silicon is n Si , the effective refractive index of the compensation material is n C , and the effective refractive index of the optical gain material is n OGM ;
wherein the effective TOC of silicon is dn Si /dT, the effective TOC of the compensation material is dn C /dT, and the effective TOC of the optical gain material is dn OGM /dT; and
wherein l C ≈l OGM *(dn OGM /dT−dn Si /dT)/(dn Si /dT−dn C /dT), whereby the effective TOC of a portion of the lasing cavity that passes through the optical gain material and the compensation material is substantially the same as the TOC of silicon.
3. The optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the RSOA is located on a III-V gain chip, which is separate from a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chip that includes the ring modulator, the first and second optical waveguides, the passive ring filter and other components of the optical transmitter.
4. The optical transmitter of claim 1 , wherein the ring modulator and the passive ring filter are both tuned to have resonances aligned with a Fabry-Pérot cavity mode within a gain bandwidth of the RSOA.
5. The tunable laser of claim 1 , wherein the ring modulator and the passive ring filter include thermal tuning mechanisms.
6. A system, comprising:
at least one processor;
at least one memory coupled to the at least one processor; and
an optical transmitter for communicating optical signals generated by the system, wherein the optical transmitter includes:
a reflective semiconductor optical amplifier (RSOA);
a ring modulator that modulates an optical signal based on an electrical input signal;
a first optical waveguide with an input end and an output end, wherein the input end is coupled to the RSOA, the output end provides a transmitter output for the optical transmitter, and a section of the first optical waveguide between the input end and the output end is optically coupled to the ring modulator;
a second optical waveguide optically coupled to the ring modulator; and
a passive ring filter optically coupled to the second optical waveguide;
wherein the passive ring filter is connected to provide a mirror that reflects light received from the second optical waveguide back toward the RSOA to form a lasing cavity, wherein the lasing cavity includes the RSOA, the first optical waveguide, the ring modulator, the second optical waveguide and the passive ring filter;
wherein the ring modulator and the passive ring filter have different sizes, which causes a Vernier effect that provides a large wavelength tuning range for the lasing cavity in response to tuning the ring modulator and the passive ring filter; and
wherein the second optical waveguide is coupled to a Y-junction, which splits light received from the second optical waveguide between a third optical waveguide and a fourth optical waveguide that pass along opposite sides of the passive ring filter, whereby the passive ring filter functions as a ring mirror that reflects the light received from the second optical waveguide back toward the RSOA to form the lasing cavity.
7. The system of claim 6 ,
wherein the lasing cavity includes a thermo-optic coefficient (TOC) compensator comprising a section of compensation material;
wherein the lasing cavity includes a length l Si through silicon, a length l C through the compensation material, and a length l OGM through the optical gain material;
wherein the effective refractive index of silicon is n Si , the effective refractive index of the compensation material is n C , and the effective refractive index of the optical gain material is n OGM ;
wherein the effective TOC of silicon is dn Si /dT, the effective TOC of the compensation material is dn C /dT, and the effective TOC of the optical gain material is dn OGM /dT; and
wherein l C ≈l OGM *(dn OGM /dT−dn Si /dT)/(dn Si /dT−dn C /dT), whereby the effective TOC of a portion of the lasing cavity that passes through the optical gain material and the compensation material is substantially the same as the TOC of silicon.
8. The system of claim 6 , wherein the RSOA is located on a III-V gain chip, which is separate from a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) chip that includes the ring modulator, the first and second optical waveguides, the passive ring filter and other components of the optical transmitter.
9. The system of claim 6 , wherein the ring modulator and the passive ring filter are both tuned to have resonances aligned with a Fabry-Pérot cavity mode within a gain bandwidth of the RSOA.
10. The system of claim 6 , wherein the ring modulator and the passive ring filter include thermal tuning mechanisms.