Cathode active materials for lithium-ion batteries
Compounds, powders, and cathode active materials that can be used in lithium ion batteries are described herein. Methods of making such compounds, powders, and cathode active materials are described.
1. A powder comprising particles, the particles comprising a compound represented by Formula (VII):
Li α Co 1−x−y M y Mn x O δ (VII)
wherein
M is at least one element selected from B, Na, Mg, Ti, Ca, V, Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Zn, Al, Sc, Y, Ga, Zr, Ru, and Mo,
0.95≤α≤1.30,
0<x≤0.30,
0<y≤0.10,
1.98≤δ≤2.04, and
the compound is a single-phase compound with an R 3 m crystal structure;
wherein a mean diameter of the particles is at least 5 μm and less than or equal to 30 μm; and
wherein the particles comprise secondary particles, each secondary particle comprising a plurality of primary particles sintered together.
2. The powder of claim 1 , wherein
0.98≤α≤1.16,
0<x≤0.16, and
0<y≤0.05.
3. The powder of claim 1 , wherein
0.96≤α≤1.04, and
0<x≤0.10.
4. The powder of claim 1 , wherein
0.98≤α≤1.01,
0.001≤x≤0.04, and
0<y≤0.03.
5. The powder of claim 1 , wherein 0.98≤α≤1.01, 0.001≤x≤0.03, and 0<y≤0.03.
6. The powder of claim 1 , wherein α>1+x.
7. The powder of claim 1 , wherein α<1+x.
8. The powder of claim 1 , wherein a mean diameter of the particles is at least 20 μm.
9. The powder of claim 1 , wherein the particles comprise secondary particles, wherein at least 30% of a mean secondary particle is formed of a single primary particle.
10. A cathode active material comprising the powder of claim 1 .
11. A cathode comprising the cathode active material of claim 10 .
12. A battery cell, comprising:
an anode comprising an anode current collector,
the cathode according to claim 11 ; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.
13. The battery cell of claim 12 , having a first-cycle discharge energy greater than or equal to 750 Wh/kg.
14. The battery cell of claim 12 , wherein a first-cycle energy capacity is at least 65% after 52 discharge cycles.
15. The powder of claim 1 , wherein M is Al.
16. The powder of claim 15 , wherein
0.98≤α≤1.16,
0<x≤0.16, and
0<y≤0.05.
17. The powder of claim 15 , wherein
0.96≤α≤1.04, and
0<x≤0.10.
18. The powder of claim 15 , wherein
0.98≤α≤1.01,
0.001≤x≤0.04, and
0<y≤0.03.
19. The powder of claim 15 , wherein 0.98≤α≤1.01, 0.001≤x≤0.03, and 0<y≤0.03.
20. The powder of claim 15 , wherein α>1+x.
21. The powder of claim 15 , wherein α<1+x.
22. The powder of claim 15 , wherein a mean diameter of the particles is at least 20 μm.
23. The powder of claim 15 , wherein the particles comprise secondary particles,
wherein at least 30% of a mean secondary particle is formed of a single primary particle.
24. A cathode active material comprising the powder of claim 15 .
25. A cathode comprising the cathode active material of claim 24 .
26. A battery cell, comprising:
an anode comprising an anode current collector,
the cathode according to claim 25 ; and
a separator disposed between the anode and the cathode.
27. The battery cell of claim 26 , having a first-cycle discharge energy greater than or equal to 750 Wh/kg.
28. The battery cell of claim 26 , wherein a first-cycle energy capacity is at least 65% after 52 discharge cycles.