System and method for disinfection and fouling prevention in the treatment of water
A treatment system for treating water, such as produced water that is produced during hydraulic fracturing. The system employs a combination of a plasma spark discharge and an RF oscillating electric field. The plasma spark discharge and the RF oscillating electric field may be employed simultaneously or in an overlapping manner within a chamber to treat the water. The treatment system is able to kill microorganisms as well as reduce or eliminate fouling due to, for example, bicarbonates. In some embodiments, grids are employed to further enhance the heat produced by the RF oscillating electric field.
1. A treatment system comprising:
a chamber having an inlet and an outlet;
a cathode and an anode located within the chamber for applying a plasma spark discharge to contents of the chamber; and
at least two electrodes located in the chamber for applying an RF oscillating energy field within the chamber.
2. The treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising a grid located between the at least two electrodes.
3. The treatment system of claim 2 , wherein the grid comprises a plurality of connectors and a plurality of particles located at intersections of the connectors.
4. The treatment system of claim 3 , wherein the connectors are made of a polymer material.
5. The treatment system of claim 4 , wherein the particles are more conductive than the connectors.
6. The treatment system of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of the cathodes and the anodes for applying the plasma spark discharge to the water.
7. The treatment system of claim 1 , further comprising a plate located proximate to the anode and the cathode.
8. The treatment system of claim 7 , wherein the plate is made of TiO 2 .
9. The treatment system of claim 1 , wherein the anode is rod-shaped and the cathode is plate-shaped.
10. The treatment system of claim 1 , where the anode is rod-shaped and comprises a tip of reduced diameter relative to another portion of the anode, and wherein the anode further comprise one or more lines of weakness positioned to provide a new tip when a portion of the anode breaks off along one said line of weakness.
11. The treatment system of claim 1 , wherein at least one of the anode, the cathode and the electrodes form a portion of the chamber.
12. A method of treating water comprising;
applying a plasma spark discharge to the water; and
applying an RF oscillating electric field to the water;
wherein the step of applying the plasma spark discharge and the step of applying the RF oscillating electric field overlap in time.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the RF oscillating electric field has a frequency of 10-30 Mhz.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the RF oscillating electric field is has a frequency of either 13.56 Mhz or 27.12 Mhz.
15. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of applying the plasma spark discharge to the water is performed using an anode and cathode located within a chamber.
16. The method of claim 12 , wherein the step of applying the RF oscillating electric field is performed by at least two electrodes located within a chamber.