Hybrid power transmission cord
A heat-treated cord comprising a low modulus yarn core that is wrapped by a plurality of high modulus wrapping yarns that were heat-treated for a time at a temperature and under a load sufficient to provide a free shrinkage of at least 2½ percent and a shrinkage force of at least 3 pounds.
1. A heat-treated hybrid cord, comprising:
a) at least one core yarn having a Young's modulus; and
b) a plurality of wrapping yarns twisted around the at least one core yarn, each wrapping yarn having a strength of at least 2.5 GPa and a Young's modulus that is at least 5 GPa greater than the Young's modulus of the at least one core yarn; and
c) wherein the wrapping yarns are twisted in a first direction and then twisted in the opposite direction in the range from about 1 to about 7 twists per inch around the at least core yarn to form a greige hybrid cord; and
d) wherein the wrapping yarns in the greige hybrid cord have an untwisted yarn length that is about 0.8% to about 5% greater than the untwisted yarn length of the at last one core yarn in the greige hybrid cord; and
e) wherein after twisting a residual twist for the at least one core yarn is in the range from about 1 to about 7 twists per inch in the greige hybrid cord and after twisting the residual twist for the wrapping yarns is in the range from about 2 to about 8 twists per inch in the greige hybrid cord;
f) wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has any one or both of a free shrinkage of at least 2½ percent and/or a shrinkage force of at least 3 pounds; and
g) wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has a LASE3 value of at least 190 pounds and an elongation at break of less than 10%.
2. The heat-treated hybrid cord according to claim 1 wherein the at least one core yarn has a radius within the range of about 0.010 inches to about 0.017 inches and a Young's modulus of 5.0 to 70.0 GPa,
wherein each of the wrapping yarns has a radius within the range of about 0.008 inches to about 0.015 inches, a Young's modulus greater than 70 GPa, and a strength of at least 2.5 GPa, and
wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has a breaking strength of at least 320 pounds and a LASE3 value of at least 190 pounds.
3. The heat-treated hybrid cord according to claim 1 wherein the greige hybrid cord is loaded with about 0.1 to about 2.5 grams per denier tension and heated at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 230° C. for about 25 seconds to about 150 seconds in an oven for a time at a temperature and under a load sufficient to accomplish any one of:
a) provide an increase of at least 50% in LASE3 value in the heat-treated hybrid cord as compared to the greige hybrid cord; and/or
b) reduce the elongation at break percentage of the heat-treated hybrid cord by at least 1% as compared to the elongation at break percentage of the greige hybrid cord.
4. The heat-treated hybrid cord according to claim 1 wherein the number of wrapping yarns is equal to one of (a) the maximum integer number of those wrapping yarns that can be wrapped in a single layer around that core and (b) one less than the maximum integer number of those wrapping yarns that can be wrapped in a single layer around that core, as determined by the formula:
Max Wrap Yarns=|cos β·π/α|
where β=tan −1 (π· T· 2·[ r w +r c ])
α=sin −1 ( r w /[r w +r c ])
T=twists per inch
r c =radius of core yarn
r w =radius of wrapping yarn.
5. The heat-treated hybrid cord according to claim 1 wherein the wrapping yarns are twisted in the range of about 4 and about 6½ twists per inch and then the wrapping yarns and the at least one core yarn are twisted in the opposite direction in the range of about 3 and about 4½ twists per inch and, after twisting, the residual twist in the wrapping yarns for the greige hybrid cord is in the range of from about 1 to about 2½ twists per inch.
6. The heat-treated hybrid cord according to claim 2 :
wherein the at least one core yarn comprises a yarn comprising polyester having a denier in the range of about 1500 to about 4500;
wherein the wrapping yarns comprise 4 or 5 1500 denier yarns comprising aramid;
wherein the wrapping yarns are twisted in the range of about 4 and about 6½ twists per inch and then the wrapping yarns and the at least one core yarn are twisted in the opposite direction in the range of about 3 and about 4½ twists per inch and, after twisting, the residual twist in the wrapping yarns for the greige hybrid cord is in the range of from about 1 to about 2½ twists per inch;
wherein the number of wrapping yarns is equal to one of (a) the maximum integer number of those wrapping yarns that can be wrapped in a single layer around that core and (b) one less than the maximum integer number of those wrapping yarns that can be wrapped in a single layer around that core, as determined by the formula:
Max Wrap Yarns=|cos β·π/α|
where β=tan −1 (π· T· 2·[ r w +r c ])
α=sin −1 ( r w /[r w +r c ])
T=twists per inch
r c =radius of core yarn
r w =radius of wrapping yarn; and
wherein the greige hybrid cord is loaded with a load per total denier in a range of about 0.7 to about 0.8 grams per total greige hybrid cord denier and heated at a temperature in a range of about 225° C. to about 235° C. for about 60 seconds to about 120 seconds in an oven for a time at a temperature and under a load sufficient to accomplish the following:
a) provide an increase of at least 50% in LASE3 value in the heat-treated hybrid cord as compared to the greige hybrid cord; and
b) reduce the elongation at break percentage of the heat-treated hybrid cord by at least 1% as compared to the elongation at break percentage of the greige hybrid cord.
7. An endless power transmission belt, comprising: an elastomeric body and at least one heat-treated hybrid cord embedded in the elastomeric body, the at least one heat-treated hybrid cord comprising:
a) at least one core yarn having a Young's modulus; and
b) a plurality of wrapping yarns twisted around the at least one core yarn, each wrapping yarn having a strength of at least 2.5 GPa and a Young's modulus that is at least 5 GPa greater than the Young's modulus of the at least one core yarn; and
c) wherein the wrapping yarns are twisted in a first direction and then twisted in the opposite direction in the range from about 1 to about 7 twists per inch around the at least core yarn to form a greige hybrid cord; and
d) wherein the wrapping yarns in the greige hybrid cord have an untwisted yarn length that is about 0.8% to about 5% greater than the untwisted yarn length of the at last one core yarn in the greige hybrid cord; and
e) wherein after twisting the residual twist for the at least one core yarn is in the range from about 1 to about 7 twists per inch in the greige hybrid cord and after twisting the residual twist for the wrapping yarns is in the range from about 2 to about 8 twists per inch in the greige hybrid cord; and
f) wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has any one or both of a free shrinkage of at least 2½ percent and/or a shrinkage force of at least 3 pounds; and
g) wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has a LASE3 value of at least 190 pounds and an elongation at break of less than 10%.
8. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 7 :
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a Flex Fatigue Life greater than 50 hours using an unevenly misaligned dead weight type of Flex Fatigue Life test with a dead weight of about 170 pounds and driven at about 3300 revolutions per minute (RPM); and
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a center distance (CD) belt growth of less than 0.80% over the life of the belt during the unevenly misaligned dead weight type of Flex Fatigue Life test.
9. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 8 wherein the greige hybrid cord is loaded with about 0.1 to about 2.5 grams per denier tension and heated at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 230° C. for about 25 seconds to about 150 seconds in an oven for a time at a temperature and under a load sufficient to accomplish any one of:
a) provide an increase of at least 50% in LASE3 value in the heat-treated hybrid cord as compared to the greige hybrid cord; and/or
b) reduce the elongation at break percentage of the heat-treated hybrid cord by at least 1% as compared to the elongation at break percentage of the greige hybrid cord.
10. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 7 :
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a tensile strength degradation of less than 12% after 23 hours of normal use in a snow mobile; and
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a displacement degradation of less than 8% after 23 hours of normal use in a snow mobile.
11. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 7 wherein the at least one core yarn has a radius within the range of about 0.010 inches to about 0.017 inches and a Young's modulus of 5.0 to 70.0 GPa,
wherein each of the wrapping yarns has a radius within the range of about 0.008 inches to about 0.015 inches, a Young's modulus greater than 70 GPa, and a strength of at least 2.5 GPa, and
wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has a breaking strength of at least 320 pounds and a LASE3 value of at least 190 pounds.
12. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 11 wherein the greige hybrid cord is loaded with about 0.1 to about 2.5 grams per denier tension and heated at a temperature of about 100° C. to about 230° C. for about 25 seconds to about 150 seconds in an oven for a time at a temperature and under a load sufficient to accomplish any one of:
a) provide an increase of at least 50% in LASE3 value in the heat-treated hybrid cord as compared to the greige hybrid cord; and/or
d) reduce the elongation at break percentage of the heat-treated hybrid cord by at least 1% as compared to the elongation at break percentage of the greige hybrid cord.
13. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 11 :
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a Flex Fatigue Life greater than 50 hours using an unevenly misaligned dead weight type of Flex Fatigue Life test with a dead weight of about 170 pounds and driven at about 3300 revolutions per minute (RPM); and
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a center distance (CD) belt growth of less than 0.80% over the life of the belt during the unevenly misaligned dead weight type of Flex Fatigue Life test.
14. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 11 :
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a tensile strength degradation of less than 12% after 23 hours of normal use in a snow mobile; and
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a displacement degradation of less than 8% after 23 hours of normal use in a snow mobile.
15. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 11 :
wherein the at least one core yarn comprises a yarn comprising polyester having a denier in the range of about 1500 to about 4500;
wherein the wrapping yarns comprise 4 or 5 1500 denier yarns comprising aramid;
wherein the wrapping yarns are twisted in the range of about 4 and about 6½ twists per inch and then the wrapping yarns and the at least one core yarn are twisted in the opposite direction in the range of about 3 and about 4½ twists per inch and, after twisting, the residual twist in the wrapping yarns for the greige hybrid cord is in the range of from about 1 to about 2½ twists per inch;
wherein the number of wrapping yarns is equal to one of (a) the maximum integer number of those wrapping yarns that can be wrapped in a single layer around that core and (b) one less than the maximum integer number of those wrapping yarns that can be wrapped in a single layer around that core, as determined by the formula:
Max Wrap Yarns=|cos β·π/α|
where β=tan −1 (π· T· 2·[ r w +r c ])
α=sin −1 ( r w /[r w +r c ])
T=twists per inch
r c =radius of core yarn
r w =radius of wrapping yarn; and
wherein the greige hybrid cord is loaded with a load per total denier in a range of about 0.7 to about 0.8 grams per total greige hybrid cord denier and heated at a temperature in a range of about 225° C. to about 235° C. for about 60 seconds to about 120 seconds in an oven for a time at a temperature and under a load sufficient to accomplish the following:
a) provide an increase of at least 50% in LASE3 value in the heat-treated hybrid cord as compared to the greige hybrid cord; and
b) reduce the elongation at break percentage of the heat-treated hybrid cord by at least 1% or by at least 2% as compared to the elongation at break percentage of the greige hybrid cord.
16. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 15 :
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a Flex Fatigue Life greater than 50 hours using an unevenly misaligned dead weight type of Flex Fatigue Life test with a dead weight of about 170 pounds and driven at about 3300 revolutions per minute (RPM); and
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a center distance (CD) belt growth of less than 0.80% over the life of the belt during the unevenly misaligned dead weight type of Flex Fatigue Life test.
17. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 15 :
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a tensile strength degradation of less than 12% after 23 hours of normal use in a snow mobile; and
wherein the endless power transmission belt has a displacement degradation of less than 8% after 23 hours of normal use in a snow mobile.
18. The heat-treated hybrid cord according to claim 1 wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has a shrinkage force of at least 4 pounds.
19. The heat-treated hybrid cord according to claim 3 wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has a shrinkage force of at least 4 pounds.
20. The endless power transmission belt according to claim 7 wherein the heat-treated hybrid cord has a shrinkage force of at least 4 pounds.