Subsea cable having floodable optical fiber conduit
In at least some embodiments, a disclosed subsea cable includes one or more floodable optical fiber conduits each having at least one tight buffered optical fiber for transporting optical signals. Each tight buffered optical fiber may have a relatively limited length. The subsea cable may further include multiple strength members contra-helically wound around or together with the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits. There may also or alternatively be included at least one hermetically sealed optical fiber conduit having at least one protected optical fiber spliced to one of the tight buffered optical fibers. At least some implementations splice each of the tight buffered optical fibers to corresponding protected fibers for the long-haul communications. Flooding of the floodable conduits may be provided via connectors at the subsea cable ends, via breakout locations where sensors are attached, and/or via vents in the conduit wall. Some method embodiments deploy the disclosed subsea cable designs in a body of water, putting the interior of at least one floodable optical fiber conduit in fluid communication with the body of water while supporting extended use for communicating signals, particularly in deep water where temperatures are relatively low. Because the floodable conduits have pressure-equalized interiors they may be formed from plastic or other materials that ease the process of attaching sensors to the subsea cables.
1. A subsea cable that comprises:
one or more floodable optical fiber conduits each having at least one tight buffered optical fiber for transporting optical signals, wherein each tight buffered optical fiber comprises:
a plastic-coated optical fiber; and
a thermoplastic elastomer or a thermoplastic fluoropolymer as a conformal coating on the plastic-coated optical fiber.
2. The subsea cable of claim 1 , wherein each tight buffered optical fiber has a length between 5 m and 2 km.
3. The subsea cable of claim 1 , further comprising multiple strength members helically wound around or together with the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits.
4. The subsea cable of claim 1 , further comprising at least one hermetically sealed optical fiber conduit having at least one protected optical fiber spliced to a tight buffered optical fiber from the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits.
5. The subsea cable of claim 4 , wherein each of multiple tight buffered optical fibers from the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits is spliced to a corresponding protected optical fiber in the at least one hermetically sealed optical fiber conduit.
6. The subsea cable of claim 5 , further comprising:
two cable segments; and
a connector to join an end of one cable segment to an end of the other cable segment, wherein splices between the tight buffered optical fibers and the protected optical fibers are made within the connector.
7. The subsea cable of claim 6 , wherein interiors of the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits are in fluid communication with an exterior of the subsea cable via the connector.
8. The subsea cable of claim 1 , wherein interiors of the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits are in fluid communication with an exterior of the subsea cable via one or more vents in a wall of the floodable optical fiber conduit.
9. The subsea cable of claim 1 , further comprising an array of sensors attached along a length of the subsea cable, each sensor in the array coupled to at least one tight buffered optical fiber from a floodable optical fiber conduit and providing fluid communication between an interior of the floodable optical fiber conduit and an exterior of the subsea cable.
10. The subsea cable of claim 1 , wherein the conformal coating is configured to at least one of:
mitigate effects of water molecule diffusion,
resist separation from an outer surface of the plastic-coated optical fiber,
resist delamination,
be extremely stable in water, and
have a low hydrogen permeability.
11. The subsea cable of claim 1 , wherein the plastic-coated optical fiber is at least one of:
a single-mode optical fiber,
a low water peak optical fiber,
a 250 micron diameter optical fiber,
an acrylate-coated optical fiber, and
a dual-acrylate optical fiber.
12. An apparatus, comprising:
a tube having a length between 1 and 100 meters; and
a plastic-coated optical fiber disposed within the tube and having a polymeric buffer conformally disposed on an outer surface thereof;
wherein, when the apparatus is submerged in a fluid, the tube is configured to allow the fluid to contact the polymeric buffer and to equalize an interior pressure of the tube and an exterior pressure of the tube.
13. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the polymeric buffer is a thermoplastic elastomer or a thermoplastic fluoropolymer.
14. The apparatus of claim 12 , wherein the apparatus further comprises a hermetically sealed optical fiber conduit having at least one protected optical fiber disposed therein to transport signals from the polymeric-buffered plastic-coated optical fiber over a distance that exceeds the length of the tube.
15. A subsea cable that comprises:
one or more floodable optical fiber conduits each having at least one tight buffered optical fiber for transporting optical signals, wherein each tight buffered optical fiber has a thermoplastic elastomer or a thermoplastic fluoropolymer as a conformal buffer layer material;
at least one hermetically sealed optical fiber conduit having at least one protected optical fiber spliced to a tight buffered optical fiber from the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits, wherein each of multiple tight buffered optical fibers from the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits is spliced to a corresponding protected optical fiber in the at least one hermetically sealed optical fiber conduit;
two cable segments; and
a connector to join an end of one cable segment to an end of the other cable segment, wherein splices between the tight buffered optical fibers and the protected optical fibers are made within the connector, wherein interiors of the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits are in fluid communication with an exterior of the subsea cable via the connector.
16. The subsea cable of claim 15 , wherein each tight buffered optical fiber has a length between 5 m and 2 km.
17. The subsea cable of claim 15 , further comprising multiple strength members helically wound around or together with the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits.
18. The subsea cable of claim 15 , wherein interiors of the one or more floodable optical fiber conduits are in fluid communication with an exterior of the subsea cable via one or more vents in a wall of the floodable optical fiber conduit.
19. The subsea cable of claim 15 , further comprising an array of sensors attached along a length of the subsea cable, each sensor in the array coupled to at least one tight buffered optical fiber from a floodable optical fiber conduit and providing fluid communication between an interior of the floodable optical fiber conduit and an exterior of the subsea cable.