Resonant power transfer systems having efficiency optimization based on receiver impedance
The present disclosure provides systems and methods for controlling wireless power transfer systems. A wireless power transfer system includes a transmitter driven by a power source and a transmit controller, wherein the transmitter is configured to control delivery of wireless power, and a receiver inductively coupled to the transmitter, the receiver configured to receive the wireless power from the transmitter and deliver the received wireless power to a load. The receiver includes receiver electronics configured to determine a Thevenin equivalent impedance of the wireless power transfer system, determine a Thevenin equivalent source voltage of the wireless power transfer system, and control, based on the determined Thevenin equivalent impedance and the determined Thevenin equivalent source voltage, an ideal source voltage of the receiver to vary the amount of the wireless power transferred from the transmitter to the receiver.
1. A wireless power transfer system comprising:
a transmitter driven by a power source and a transmit controller, wherein the transmitter is configured to control delivery of wireless power; and
a receiver inductively coupled to the transmitter, the receiver configured to receive the wireless power from the transmitter and deliver the received wireless power to a load via a converter circuit, the receiver including receiver electronics configured to:
vary an ideal source voltage of the receiver at an input of the converter circuit;
monitor changes in an ideal source current at the input of the converter circuit while varying the ideal source voltage;
calculate a Thevenin equivalent impedance of the wireless power transfer system based on the monitored changes in the ideal source current at the input of the converter circuit;
calculate a Thevenin equivalent source voltage of the wireless power transfer system based on the Thevenin equivalent impedance; and
control the converter circuit, based on the calculated Thevenin equivalent impedance and the calculated Thevenin equivalent source voltage, to control the ideal source voltage to vary an amount of the wireless power transferred from the transmitter to the receiver.
2. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein the receiver electronics are further configured to:
determine that the load requires additional power; and
transmit a control message to the transmitter that causes the transmitter to provide additional wireless power.
3. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein to control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage of the receiver, the receiver electronics are configured to:
compare the Thevenin equivalent source voltage to the ideal source voltage; and
control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage based on the comparison.
4. The wireless power transfer system of claim 3 , wherein to control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage based on the comparison, the receiver electronics are configured to control the converter circuit to increase the ideal source voltage when the Thevenin equivalent source voltage is greater than the ideal source voltage.
5. The wireless power transfer system of claim 3 , wherein to control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage based on the comparison, the receiver electronics are configured to control the converter circuit to decrease the ideal source voltage when the Thevenin equivalent source voltage is less than the ideal source voltage.
6. The wireless power transfer system of claim 1 , wherein to control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage of the receiver, the receiver electronics are configured to:
calculate a power limit voltage as a product of the Thevenin equivalent impedance and the ideal source current; and
control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage such that the ideal source voltage is always less than the power limit voltage or always greater than the power limit voltage.
7. The wireless power transfer system of claim 6 , wherein the receiver electronics are further configured to:
determine that a difference between the power limit voltage and the ideal source voltage is less than a predetermined value; and
transmit a control message to the transmitter that causes the transmitter to increase the Thevenin equivalent source voltage by increasing an output voltage of the transmitter at an output of a transmitter converter circuit.
8. A receiver for use in a wireless power transfer system, the receiver configured to receive wireless power from a transmitter driven by a power source and a transmit controller, and configured to deliver the received wireless power to a load via a converter circuit, the receiver comprising:
a receiving coil; and
receiver electronics coupled to the receiving coil, the receiver electronics configured to:
vary an ideal source voltage of the receiver at an input of the converter circuit;
monitor changes in an ideal source current at the input of the converter circuit while varying the ideal source voltage;
calculate a Thevenin equivalent impedance of the wireless power transfer system based on the monitored changes in the ideal source current at the input of the converter circuit;
calculate a Thevenin equivalent source voltage of the wireless power transfer system based on the Thevenin equivalent impedance; and
control the converter circuit, based on the calculated Thevenin equivalent impedance and the calculated Thevenin equivalent source voltage, to control the ideal source voltage to vary an amount of the wireless power transferred from the transmitter to the receiver.
9. The receiver of claim 8 , wherein the receiver electronics are further configured to:
determine that the load requires additional power; and
transmit a control message to the transmitter that causes the transmitter to provide additional wireless power.
10. The receiver of claim 8 , wherein to control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage of the receiver, the receiver electronics are configured to:
compare the Thevenin equivalent source voltage to the ideal source voltage; and
control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage based on the comparison.
11. The receiver of claim 10 , wherein to control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage based on the comparison, the receiver electronics are configured to control the converter circuit to increase the ideal source voltage when the Thevenin equivalent source voltage is greater than the ideal source voltage.
12. The receiver of claim 10 , wherein to control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage based on the comparison, the receiver electronics are configured to control the converter circuit to decrease the ideal source voltage when the Thevenin equivalent source voltage is less than the ideal source voltage.
13. The receiver of claim 8 , wherein to control the ideal source voltage of the receiver, the receiver electronics are configured to:
calculate a power limit voltage as a product of the Thevenin equivalent impedance and the ideal source current; and
control the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage such that the ideal source voltage is always less than the power limit voltage or always greater than the power limit voltage.
14. The receiver of claim 13 , wherein the receiver electronics are further configured to:
determine that a difference between the power limit voltage and the ideal source voltage is less than a predetermined value; and
transmit a control message to the transmitter that causes the transmitter to increase the Thevenin equivalent source voltage by increasing an output voltage of the transmitter at an output of a transmitter converter circuit.
15. A method for controlling a wireless power transfer system, the wireless power transfer system including a receiver inductively coupled to a transmitter, the receiver configured to receive wireless power from the transmitter and deliver the received wireless power to a load via a converter circuit, the method comprising:
varying an ideal source voltage of the receiver at an input of the converter circuit monitoring changes in an ideal source current at the input of the converter circuit while varying the ideal source voltage;
calculating, using receiver electronics at the receiver, a Thevenin equivalent impedance of the wireless power transfer system based on the monitored changes in the ideal source current at the input of the converter circuit;
calculating, using the receiver electronics, a Thevenin equivalent source voltage of the wireless power transfer system based on the Thevenin equivalent impedance; and
controlling the converter circuit, using the receiver electronics, based on the calculated Thevenin equivalent impedance and the calculated Thevenin equivalent source voltage, to control the ideal source voltage to vary an amount of the wireless power transferred from the transmitter to the receiver.
16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:
determining that the load requires additional power; and
transmitting a control message to the transmitter that causes the transmitter to provide additional wireless power.
17. The method of claim 15 , wherein controlling the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage of the receiver comprises:
comparing the Thevenin equivalent source voltage to the ideal source voltage; and
controlling the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage based on the comparison.
18. The method of claim 15 , wherein controlling the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage of the receiver comprises:
calculating a power limit voltage as a product of the Thevenin equivalent impedance and the ideal source current; and
controlling the converter circuit to control the ideal source voltage such that the ideal source voltage is always less than the power limit voltage or always greater than the power limit voltage.