Process for making carbon-based nano-rods from switchable ionic liquids and devices and processes incorporating same
A method of making carbon-based nano-rods from switchable ionic liquids (SWIL) that incorporates the SWIL is disclosed. Resulting nano-rods provide adsorption and spontaneous desorption of water at selected relative humidity values that find use in selected applications and devices.
1. A method for making carbon-based nano-rods, comprising the step of:
incubating a growth medium comprising a switchable ionic liquid comprising an amidine- or guanidine-containing base cation and an alkyl xanthate anion, and an iron (III) salt, at a selected temperature for a time sufficient to form carbon-based nano-rods of a selected size.
2. The method of claim 1 , wherein the SWIL is formed by combining an amidine- or guanidine-containing base with an organic alcohol in a 1:1 mole ratio to form a solution, and adding an equal equivalent of carbon disulfide therein.
3. The method of claim 2 , wherein the organic alcohol is a normal alcohol with a carbon number selected from C1 to C16.
4. The method of claim 1 , wherein the amidine- or guanidine-containing base cation comprises diazabicyclo [5.4.0]-undec-7-ene, or 1,1,3,3 tetramethyl guanidine.
5. The method of claim 1 , wherein the iron (III) salt is a pure iron (III) chloride salt derived by distillation or sublimation.
6. The method of claim 1 , wherein the incubation temperature is selected from 180° C. to 275° C.
7. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nano-rods are in groupings of 2 or more nano-rods with a nexus disposed between the nano-rods that binds the nano-rods together thereat.
8. The method of claim 1 , wherein the nano-rods include a solid cross-section.
9. A composition, comprising:
carbon-based nanorods that adsorb a first quantity of water when exposed to a first relative humidity at a selected pressure and temperature and spontaneously desorbs water when exposed to a second relative humidity greater than the first relative humidity at the same pressure and temperature, the carbon based nanorods, made by a process wherein a switchable ionic liquid having an amidine or guanidine-containing base cation and an alkyl xanthate anion is combined with an iron (III) salt and incubated at a temperature between 180° C. to 275° C. for a preselected period of time less than 24 hours.
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the a majority of the individual carbon-based nano-rods have a solid cross-section.
11. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the carbon-based nanorods spontaneously desorbs water into the gas phase at the second relative humidity.
12. The composition of claim 9 wherein the preselected time for incubation is more than 4 hours.
13. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the amidine- or guanidine containing base cation comprises diazabicyclo (5.4.0)-undec-7-ene, or 1,1,3,3 tetramethyl guanidine.
14. The composition of claim 9 wherein the iron (III) salt is a pure iron (III) chloride salt.
15. The composition of claim 9 wherein the carbon-based nanotubes comprise sulfur.