Circularly polarized illumination and detection for depth sensing

1. A depth camera assembly (DCA) comprising:

a polarized light generator configured to illuminate a local area with polarized light in accordance with emission instructions, the polarized light generator comprising:

an illumination source configured to emit one or more optical beams,

a modulator configured to modulate the one or more optical beams based in part on the emission instructions to generate modulated light, and

a projection assembly configured to project the modulated light into the local area as the polarized light having a first polarization;

an imaging device configured to:

receive light from the local area, the received light including ambient light and a portion of the polarized light reflected from one or more objects in the local area,

reduce an intensity of the received light having polarization different from a second polarization to generate filtered light substantially composed of light of the second polarization, and

detect the portion of the polarized light reflected from the one or more objects in the local area having the second polarization using the filtered light; and

a controller configured to:

generate the emission instructions,

provide the emission instructions to the polarized light generator, and

determine depth information for the one or more objects based at least in part on the detected portion of the reflected polarized light.

2. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein the modulator includes:

an acousto-optic device configured to function as a dynamic diffraction grating that diffracts the one or more optical beams to form the modulated light based in part on the emission instructions.

3. The DCA of claim 2 , wherein the controller is further configured to:

create the emission instructions which include a radio frequency at which the acousto-optic device is driven; and

modify the radio frequency to adjust a diffraction angle at which the one or more optical beams are diffracted by the acousto-optic device to form the modulated light.

4. The DCA of claim 3 , wherein the acousto-optic device includes a transducer and a diffraction area, and responsive to the radio frequency in the emission instructions, the transducer is configured to generate a sound wave in the diffraction area to form the dynamic diffraction grating.

5. The DCA of claim 2 , wherein the acousto-optic device is further configured to:

directly generate the modulated light as the polarized light satisfying the Bragg phase matching condition for Bragg matching the one or more optical beams incident to the acousto-optic device.

6. The DCA of claim 2 , the acousto-optic device is further configured to:

directly generate the modulated light as the polarized light satisfying the Raman-Nath diffraction condition.

7. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein the illumination source directly generates the one or more optical beams as light of a specific polarization based on a polarizing element associated with the illumination source.

8. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein the illumination source is selected from a group consisting of a light source operating in a continuous wave mode and a light source operating in a pulsed mode.

9. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein the second polarization is orthogonal to the first polarization.

10. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein the imaging device includes:

a camera; and

a polarizing element positioned in front of the camera, the polarizing element configured to

propagate the portion of the polarized light reflected from the local area having the second polarization, and

block propagation of other light components including the ambient light having polarization different from the second polarization.

11. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein:

the polarized light is circularly polarized at a first handedness; and

the portion of the polarized light is circularly polarized at a second handedness orthogonal to the first handedness.

12. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein the modulator is selected from a group consisting of an electro-optical device and a mirror scanner device.

13. The DCA of claim 1 , wherein the DCA is a component of a head-mounted display.

14. A method comprising:

generating modulated light from one or more optical beams, based in part on emission instructions;

projecting the modulated light into a local area as polarized light having a first polarization;

receiving light from the local area, the received light including ambient light and a portion of the polarized light reflected from one or more objects in the local area;

reducing an intensity of the received light having polarization different from a second polarization to generate filtered light substantially composed of light of the second polarization;

detecting the portion of the polarized light reflected from the one or more objects in the local area having the second polarization using the filtered light; and

determining depth information for the one or more objects based at least in part on the detected portion of the reflected polarized light.

15. The method of claim 14 , wherein generating the modulated light comprises:

diffracting the one or more optical beams using a dynamic diffraction grating to form the modulated light based in part on the emission instructions.

16. The method of claim 15 , further comprising:

generating the emission instructions which include information about a radio frequency;

responsive to the radio frequency in the emission instructions, generating a sound wave to form the dynamic diffraction grating; and

modifying the radio frequency to adjust a diffraction angle at which the one or more optical beams are diffracted to form the modulated light.

17. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:

directly generating the modulated light as the polarized light.

18. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:

directly generating the one or more optical beams as light of a specific polarization based in part on the emission instructions.

19. The method of claim 14 , further comprising:

propagating the portion of the polarized light reflected from the local area having the second polarization; and

blocking propagation of other light components including the ambient light having polarization different from the second polarization.

20. The method of claim 14 , wherein:

the polarized light is circularly polarized at a first handedness; and

the portion of the polarized light is circularly polarized at a second handedness orthogonal to the first handedness.