Methods for additively manufacturing composite parts
A method of additively manufacturing a composite part is disclosed. The method comprises depositing, via a delivery guide, a segment of a continuous flexible line along a print path. The continuous flexible line comprises a non-resin component and a thermosetting-epoxy-resin component that is partially cured. The method also comprises maintaining the thermosetting-epoxy-resin component of at least the continuous flexible line being advanced toward the print path via the delivery guide below a threshold temperature. The method further comprises delivering a predetermined or actively determined amount of curing energy to the segment of the continuous flexible line at a controlled rate while advancing the continuous flexible line toward the print path to at least partially cure the segment of the continuous flexible line.
1. A method of additively manufacturing a composite part, the method comprising:
depositing a segment of a continuous flexible line along a print path, wherein the continuous flexible line comprises a non-resin component and a thermosetting-epoxy-resin component that is partially cured; and
delivering a ring of curing energy that intersects at least a portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line while advancing the continuous flexible line toward the print path to at least partially cure at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line, wherein the ring of the curing energy is delivered by at least one galvanometer mirror-positioning system.
2. The method according to claim 1 , wherein delivering the ring of the curing energy comprises partially curing a first layer of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the first layer is being deposited and further curing the first layer as a second layer is being deposited against the first layer.
3. The method according to claim 1 , wherein delivering the ring of the curing energy comprises partially curing a first layer of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the first layer is being deposited and fully curing the first layer as a second layer is being deposited against the first layer.
4. The method according to claim 1 , wherein delivering the ring of the curing energy comprises curing less than an entirety of the composite part.
5. The method according to claim 1 , wherein delivering the ring of the curing energy comprises selectively varying at least one of a delivery rate, a delivery duration, or a temperature of the curing energy to impart varying physical characteristics to the composite part.
6. The method according to claim 5 , wherein the varying physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, ductility, or hardness.
7. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with delivering the ring of the curing energy, at least partially protecting at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line from oxidation after the segment exits a delivery guide.
8. The method according to claim 7 , wherein at least the portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line is at least partially protected from the oxidation with a shielding gas.
9. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising pushing the continuous flexible line through a delivery guide.
10. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the thermosetting-epoxy-resin component is configured to cure at a temperature between about 20° C. and about 30° C. within a period greater than 5 minutes or to cure at a temperature greater than 150° C. within a period of less than 5 seconds.
11. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the continuous flexible line comprises a prepreg composite material, and wherein the non-resin component comprises one or more of a fiber, a carbon fiber, a glass fiber, a synthetic organic fiber, an aramid fiber, a natural fiber, a wood fiber, a boron fiber, a silicon-carbide fiber, an optical fiber, a fiber bundle, a fiber tow, a fiber weave, a wire, a metal wire, a conductive wire, or a wire bundle.
12. The method according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path comprises layering the continuous flexible line against itself or a previously deposited segment to additively manufacture the composite part.
13. The method according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path comprises depositing the continuous flexible line in a predetermined pattern to selectively control one or more physical characteristics of the composite part.
14. The method according to claim 13 , wherein the physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, ductility, or hardness.
15. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, compacting at least a section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path.
16. The method according to claim 15 , wherein compacting at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path comprises imparting a desired cross-sectional shape to the segment of the continuous flexible line.
17. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, roughening at least a section of the segment of the continuous flexible line after the segment of the continuous flexible line is deposited along the print path.
18. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising, simultaneously with roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line, collecting debris resulting from roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
19. The method according to claim 17 , further comprising, simultaneously with roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line, dispersing debris resulting from roughening at least the section of the segment of the continuous flexible line.
20. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising selectively cutting the continuous flexible line.
21. The method according to claim 20 , wherein the continuous flexible line is selectively cut simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path.
22. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising, simultaneously with depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, detecting defects in the composite part.
23. The method according to claim 1 , wherein depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path comprises depositing at least a portion of the segment of the continuous flexible line over a sacrificial layer.
24. The method according to claim 23 , further comprising removing the sacrificial layer to form the composite part.
25. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
the continuous flexible line is a first continuous flexible line;
the segment of the continuous flexible line is a first segment of the first continuous flexible line;
the method further comprises depositing a second segment of a second continuous flexible line along the print path; and
the second continuous flexible line includes at least one component that differs from at least one component of the first continuous flexible line.
26. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising curing the composite part in an autoclave or in an oven.
27. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
maintaining, by a cooling system, the thermosetting-epoxy-resin component of at least the continuous flexible line below a threshold temperature prior to depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path; and
wherein:
the cooling system comprises a coolant line, through which a coolant is circulated;
the cooling system further comprises an insulated sleeve, through which the continuous flexible line travels from an insulated store to the delivery guide; and
the insulated sleeve is thermally coupled with the coolant line to internally cool the insulated sleeve.
28. The method according to claim 1 , wherein:
delivering the ring of the curing energy comprises delivering an actively determined amount of the curing energy; and
the actively determined amount of the curing energy is based on real-time data, sensed from the continuous flexible line as it is being deposited, and wherein the real-time data includes hardness, color, temperature, or glow of the continuous flexible line.
29. The method according to claim 28 , wherein delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy comprises partially curing a first layer of the segment of the continuous flexible line as the first layer is being deposited and further curing the first layer as a second layer is being deposited against the first layer.
30. The method according to claim 28 , wherein delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy comprises curing less than an entirety of the composite part.
31. The method according to claim 28 , wherein delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy comprises restrictively curing at least a portion of the composite part to facilitate subsequent processing of the portion of the composite part.
32. The method according to claim 28 , wherein:
delivering the actively determined amount of the curing energy comprises selectively varying at least one of a delivery rate or a delivery duration of the curing energy to impart physical characteristics to the composite part that are different at different locations on the composite part; and
the physical characteristics include at least one of strength, stiffness, flexibility, or hardness.
33. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising restrictively curing at least a portion of the composite part to facilitate subsequent processing of the portion of the composite part.
34. The method according to claim 1 , further comprising:
maintaining, by a cooling system, the thermosetting-epoxy-resin component of at least the continuous flexible line below a threshold temperature prior to depositing the segment of the continuous flexible line along the print path, wherein the threshold temperature is no greater than 20° C.