Methods, apparatuses and systems for transcranial stimulation

1. A method of modulating cortical activity in a subject, comprising:

detecting cortical oscillations and/or coherence between cortical oscillations in the subject via an electrocardiogram, a pupilometer and/or a functional near-infrared spectrometer; and

passing an oscillating electric current through the skull of the subject responsive to the cortical oscillations and/or coherence detected.

2. A method of modulating cortical activity in a subject, comprising:

detecting cortical oscillations and/or coherence between cortical oscillations in the subject by identifying one or more changes in the subject's pupil diameter, the subject's heart rate and/or the regularity of the subject's heart beat; and

passing an oscillating electric current through the skull of the subject responsive to the cortical oscillations and/or coherence detected.

3. A method of modulating cortical activity in a subject, comprising:

detecting cortical oscillations and/or coherence between cortical oscillations in the subject; and

passing an oscillating electric current through the skull of the subject, wherein the oscillating electric current is responsive to:

an increase in the average magnitude of the cortical oscillations over a defined period of time,

a decrease in the average magnitude of the cortical oscillations over a defined period of time,

an increase in the variance of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations over a defined period of time,

a decrease in the variance of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations over a defined period of time,

an increase in the integral of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

a decrease in the integral of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

an increase in the average integral of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

a decrease in the average integral of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

an increase in the variance of the integral of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

a decrease in the variance of the integral of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

an increase in the temporal derivative of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

a decrease in the temporal derivative of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

an increase in the average temporal derivative of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

a decrease in the average temporal derivative of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations,

an increase in the variance of the temporal derivative of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations; and

a decrease in the variance of the temporal derivative of the magnitude of the cortical oscillations.

4. A method of modulating cortical activity in a subject, comprising:

detecting cortical oscillations and/or coherence between cortical oscillations in the subject; and

passing an oscillating electric current through the skull of the subject responsive to the cortical oscillations and/or coherence detected, wherein the oscillating electric current has a magnitude sufficient to prevent the cortical oscillations from exceeding an upper threshold or falling below a lower threshold.