Seal assembly for rotary machine
A seal assembly for a rotary machine is provided. The seal assembly includes a plurality of seal segments disposed circumferentially intermediate to a stationary housing and a rotor, where each of the plurality of seal segments includes a stator interface element and a shoe plate movably supported by the stator interface element. The shoe plate includes one or more labyrinth teeth, a load-bearing surface, and one or more supply ports for facilitating supply of high pressure fluid toward the rotor. In one embodiment, the shoe plate also includes a radially extending portion that is in contact with a portion of the ring movably supported into the stator interface element. In another embodiment, each of the plurality of seal segments includes a plurality of overlapping spring-loaded leaf seal plates in contact with the stator interface element and the radially extending portion. Method of operating the seal segment is also disclosed.
1. A seal assembly for a rotary machine, the seal assembly comprising:
a plurality of seal segments disposed circumferentially intermediate to a stationary housing and a rotor, and a ring, wherein the rotor comprises a stepped section comprising a first portion of the rotor with a decreased radius for a predefined length, and wherein each of the plurality of seal segments comprises:
a stator interface element;
a portion of the ring movably supported into the stator interface element; and
a shoe plate movably supported by the stator interface element, wherein the shoe plate comprises:
one or more labyrinth teeth, wherein the first portion of the rotor with the decreased radius faces and is radially opposite the one or more labyrinth teeth;
a load-bearing surface radially offset from the one or more labyrinth teeth;
one or more supply ports formed in the shoe plate for facilitating supply of high pressure fluid toward the rotor; and
a radially extending portion that extends toward the stator interface element, wherein the radially extending portion is in contact with the portion of the ring,
wherein the shoe plate is arranged such that the load-bearing surface faces and is radially opposite to at least a second portion of the rotor having an increased radius compared to the stepped section.
2. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the plurality of seal segments further comprises one or more flexible elements disposed between the shoe plate and the stator interface element, and wherein the one or more flexible elements are configured for aiding a radial movement of the shoe plate relative to the stator interface element.
3. The seal assembly of claim 2 , wherein the one or more flexible elements comprises bellows springs or flexures.
4. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the one or more supply ports are formed axially into the shoe plate.
5. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein each of the one or more supply ports comprises at least one opening in the load-bearing surface for directing a flow of the high pressure fluid toward the rotor.
6. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the load bearing surface is coated with a lubricating coating including a lubricant embedded in a hard material selected from the group consisting of graphite, diamond-like carbon, hexagonal boron nitride, chromium molybdenum nitride, chrome titanium aluminum nitride, and combinations thereof.
7. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the shoe plate comprises a plenum for receiving the high pressure fluid from the one or more supply ports, and wherein a side of the plenum that faces the rotor forms the load-bearing surface.
8. The seal assembly of claim 7 , wherein the plenum is formed in a component attachable to the shoe plate.
9. The seal assembly of claim 8 , wherein the component is slidable into the shoe plate.
10. The seal assembly of claim 7 , wherein the plenum is integral to the shoe plate.
11. The seal assembly of claim 7 , wherein the side of the plenum that faces the rotor comprises at least one opening for directing a flow of the high pressure fluid radially toward the rotor.
12. The seal assembly of claim 7 , wherein the side of the plenum that faces the rotor comprises a porous media for directing a flow of the high pressure fluid toward the rotor.
13. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein each shoe plate further comprises a crossover hole between the one or more labyrinth teeth and the load-bearing surface, wherein the crossover hole is in fluid communication with a cavity between the stator interface element and the shoe plate and is angled to allow a flow of low pressure fluid in a circumferential direction to swirl the flow of low pressure fluid.
14. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the ring is disposed in a slot formed in the stator interface element.
15. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the radially extending portion comprises one or more slots on at least one side for allowing disposal of at least one spline seal shim for reducing leakage between neighboring seal segments.
16. The seal assembly of claim 1 , wherein the one or more supply ports are configured to generate at least one of an aerostatic force or an aerodynamic force between the shoe plate and the rotor based on at least one of the supply of high pressure fluid towards the rotor, a curvature mismatch between the shoe plate and the rotor, and grooves or Rayleigh steps present on the shoe plate or the rotor.
17. The seal assembly of claim 11 , wherein the at least one opening comprises a counterbore formed in the load-bearing surface.
18. The seal assembly of claim 2 , wherein the one or more flexible elements are brazed to the shoe plate and the stator interface element.
19. The seal assembly of claim 18 , wherein the ring has a polygonal cross section.