Waveguide fabrication method
A waveguide fabrication method including the steps of providing a substrate including at least one waveguide recess structure and a stress release recess structure for receiving a waveguide material, and depositing the waveguide material onto the substrate and into both the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure.
1. A waveguide fabrication method including the steps of:
providing a substrate including a waveguide recess structure to receive a waveguide material for forming a waveguide and a stress release recess structure, the stress release recess structure arranged along both sides of a channel formed by the waveguide recess structure to enclose the waveguide recess structure; and
depositing the waveguide material onto the substrate and into the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure.
2. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of:
planarizing the deposited waveguide material.
3. The method according to claim 2 further including the step of:
depositing a cladding layer onto the planarized waveguide material.
4. The method according to claim 3 wherein the waveguide material includes Silicon nitride (SiN) or Aluminum Nitride (AlN) and the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure of the substrate are formed in Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ), and the cladding layer includes Silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ).
5. The method according to claim 2 wherein the step of planarizing is carried out using mechanical planarization and chemical planarization.
6. The method according to claim 2 wherein a height of the waveguide material deposited in the waveguide recess structure after the step of planarizing is between 600 nm and 1.5 μm to permit anomalous dispersion at wavelengths longer than 1 μm.
7. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of:
applying thermal energy to the substrate, before the step of depositing, to permit reflow of an exposed surface of the waveguide recess structure to lower optical losses of the waveguide.
8. The method according to claim 1 wherein the stress release recess structure includes a plurality of indentations formed in the substrate.
9. The method according to claim 8 wherein a depth of the indentations of the plurality of indentation of the stress release recess structure measured from an outer surface of the substrate is substantially equal to or greater than a depth of the waveguide recess structure measured from the outer surface of the substrate.
10. The method according to claim 8 wherein the plurality of indentations are regularly or irregularly spaced one from the other on the substrate.
11. The method according to claim 8 wherein the plurality of indentations include a repeating pattern of indentations across the substrate.
12. The method according to claim 8 wherein the plurality of indentations include a checkerboard structure or layout across the substrate.
13. The method according to claim 1 wherein the substrate further includes a recess-free zone between the stress release recess structure and the channel formed by the waveguide recess structure.
14. The method according to claim 13 wherein the recess-free zone separates the stress release recess structure and the waveguide recess structure by a distance in a range between 2 μm and 50 μm.
15. The method according to claim 1 wherein the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure are located in a same plane.
16. The method according to claim 1 further including the step of:
providing a hard mask layer including a waveguide recess structure and a stress release recess structure and forming the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure in the substrate using said hard mask layer and a dry plasma etch or a wet etch.
17. The method according to claim 16 wherein the hard mask layer includes amorphous silicon (aSi).
18. The method according to claim 1 wherein the waveguide recess structure is tapered.
19. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of depositing the core waveguide material onto the substrate simultaneously fills both the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure.
20. The method according to claim 1 , wherein the step of depositing the waveguide material onto the substrate and into both the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure forms a continuous waveguide material layer on the substrate.
21. A waveguide fabrication method including the steps of:
providing a substrate including a waveguide recess structure and a stress release recess structure for receiving a waveguide material; and
depositing the waveguide material onto the substrate and into both the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure,
wherein the step of depositing the waveguide material onto the substrate simultaneously fills both the waveguide recess structure and the stress release recess structure.