Engineered microbes for rare earth element adsorption
This disclosure provides engineered microbes modified such that the surface of the microbe contains one or more rare earth element (REE) binding ligands, as well as methods of use thereof.
1. A genetically engineered microbe comprising an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding a rare earth element (REE) binding ligand, wherein the REE binding ligand comprises between 2 and 6 copies of double lanthanide binding tags (dLBTs).
2. The microbe of claim 1 , wherein the microbe is a bacterium or bacteriophage.
3. The microbe of claim 2 , wherein the bacterium is selected from the group consisting of Caulobacter crescentus ( C. crescentus ), Escherichia coli ( E. coli ), and Lactobacillus.
4. The microbe of claim 1 , wherein the REE binding ligand is expressed on the cell surface and/or within a cell surface protein.
5. The microbe of claim 4 , wherein the REE binding ligand is displayed on the cell surface by a surface layer (S-layer) protein.
6. The microbe of claim 1 , wherein the dLBTs on the cell surface protein comprise 4 copies of the dLBTs.
7. The microbe of claim 1 , wherein a binding affinity (K d ) of the REE binding ligand of the microbe to a REE is between about 1 μM and 200 μM.
8. A microbe of claim 1 , wherein the REE binding ligand binds a REE selected from the group consisting of lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), neodymium (Nd), promethium (Pm), samarium (Sm), europium (Eu), gadolinium (Gd), terbium (Tb), dysprosium (Dy), holmium (Ho), erbium (Er), thulium (Tm), ytterbium (Yb), lutetium (Lu), scandium (Sc) and yttrium (Y).
9. A composition comprising an amount of the genetically engineered microbe of claim 1 .
10. The composition of claim 9 , wherein the genetically engineered microbes are viable, non-viable, or any combination thereof.
11. A system comprising an amount of the genetically engineered microbe of claim 1 .
12. The system of claim 11 , wherein the genetically engineered microbes are attached to a solid support.
13. The system of claim 12 , wherein the solid support comprises a column, a membrane, or a bead.
14. A method for extracting rare earth elements (REE) from a material comprising the steps of:
a. providing genetically engineered microbes comprising an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one REE binding ligand, wherein the REE binding ligand comprises between 2 and 6 copies of double lanthanide binding tags (dLBTs);
b. contacting the genetically engineered microbes with a REE containing material, whereupon the REE binding ligand specifically binds at least a portion of the REE to form a microbe-REE complex;
c. separating the microbe-REE complex from at least a portion of the material;
d. separating the REE from the genetically engineered microbes to produce regenerated genetically engineered microbes; and
e. optionally, reusing the regenerated genetically engineered microbes of step (d) to carry out steps (a)-(c).
15. The method of claim 14 , wherein the material is rare earth ores, geothermal brines, coal, coal byproducts, mine tailings, phosphogypsum, and/or acid or salt leachate of solid materials.
16. A method for detecting REE in a material comprising the steps of:
a. contacting genetically engineered microbes having an exogenous nucleic acid sequence encoding at least one REE binding ligand with the material, wherein the REE binding ligand comprises between 2 and 6 copies of double lanthanide binding tags (dLBTs); and
b. determining an amount of REE in at least a portion of the material.