Boron carbide fiber reinforced articles
Methods of producing continuous (or discontinuous) boron carbide fibers. The method comprises reacting a continuous or discontinuous carbon fiber material and a boron oxide gas within a temperature range of from approximately 1400° C. to approximately 2200° C. Articles including such partially or fully converted fibers may be provided, including such reinforcing fibers in a matrix of ceramic (a CMC), in metal (a MMC), or other matrix (e.g., polymer, etc.).
1. An article comprising fibers dispersed in a matrix, the fibers having a diameter of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm and comprising a boron carbide conversion layer over an unconverted carbon fiber core, the boron carbide conversion layer comprising carbon from a starting carbon fiber material that has been converted to boron carbide;
wherein an adherence strength of the boron carbide conversion layer is at least equal to an adherence strength of carbon to itself in the unconverted carbon fiber core.
2. The article of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises at least one of a ceramic material, a refractory carbide material, or a metal material.
3. The article of claim 2 , wherein the matrix is a metal material comprising magnesium.
4. The article of claim 1 , wherein the matrix comprises boron carbide, silicon carbide, titanium diboride, titanium carbide, aluminum oxide, boron nitride, boron, titanium, tantalum, vanadium, aluminum, tungsten, chromium, niobium, silicon, nickel, lead, molybdenum, zirconium, hafnium, magnesium, iron, titanium aluminide, or combinations thereof.
5. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is configured as at least a portion of a heat exchanger, gas separation membrane, catalyst support, filter, nuclear fuel containment, fusion reactor component, hot gas engine, turbine engine, heat shield, jet vane, space structure stabilization, chemical liner, metal matrix liner, pipe, nanoporous B 4 C structure, body frame, brake pad, body armor, vehicle armor, engine, engine component, structural member, sporting good, drill bit, wear bit, hypersonic missile, or rocket component.
6. The article of claim 1 , wherein the article is configured as at least a portion of body armor or vehicle armor.
7. The article of claim 1 , wherein the fibers are chopped, milled, or otherwise discontinuous.
8. The article of claim 1 , wherein a thickness of the boron carbide material is from approximately 0.001 μm to approximately 20 μm.
9. The article of claim 1 , wherein the boron carbide conversion layer comprises B 4 C having a rhombohedral crystalline structure.
10. The article of claim 1 , wherein the boron carbide conversion layer is boron rich, having a stoichiometry of B x C, where x ranges from greater than 4 to 10.4.
11. An article comprising boron carbide fibers dispersed in a matrix, the boron carbide fibers having a diameter of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm and wherein the boron carbide fibers comprise:
a boron carbide conversion layer over an unconverted carbon fiber core, such that the boron carbide fiber is a carbon fiber that has been partially converted to boron carbide wherein an adherence strength of the boron carbide conversion layer is at least equal to an adherence strength of unconverted carbon in the unconverted carbon fiber core to itself in such a partially converted fiber;
wherein the boron carbide conversion layer comprises at least one of alpha, beta, tetragonal, orthorhombic, or rhombohedral polymorphs of boron carbide.
12. The article of claim 11 , wherein the matrix comprises at least one of a ceramic material, a refractory carbide material, or a metal material.
13. The article of claim 11 , wherein the matrix is a metal material comprising titanium, tantalum, vanadium, aluminum, tungsten, chromium, niobium, nickel, lead, molybdenum, zirconium, hafnium, magnesium, iron, titanium aluminide, or combinations thereof.
14. The article of claim 11 , wherein the matrix is a metal material comprising magnesium.
15. The article of claim 11 , wherein the article is configured as at least a portion of body armor or vehicle armor.
16. The article of claim 15 , wherein the matrix is a metal matrix, and includes magnesium.
17. The article of claim 11 , wherein the boron carbide fibers include less than 1 ppm oxygen, nitrogen, or iron impurities.
18. The article of claim 11 , wherein the boron carbide fibers are stable up to at least 2100° C.
19. The article of claim 11 , wherein the boron carbide fibers have a hardness of 9.25 mohs.
20. An article comprising boron carbide fibers dispersed in a matrix, the boron carbide fibers having a diameter of less than or equal to approximately 20 μm and wherein the boron carbide fibers comprise:
a boron carbide conversion layer over an unconverted carbon fiber core, wherein the boron carbide conversion layer is boron rich, comprising B 10.4 C, such that the boron carbide fiber is a carbon fiber that has been partially converted to boron carbide wherein an adherence strength of the boron carbide conversion layer is at least equal to an adherence strength of unconverted carbon in the unconverted carbon fiber core to itself in such a partially converted fiber; or
a boron carbide converted thickness that extends through the full diameter of the boron carbide fiber, such that the boron carbide fiber is a fiber that has been substantially fully converted to boron carbide having a stoichiometry of B 10.4 C.
21. The article of claim 20 , wherein the boron carbide converted thickness extends through substantially the full diameter of the boron carbide fiber, such that the boron carbide fiber is a fiber that has been substantially fully converted to boron carbide, such that greater than about 95% of carbon from a starting carbon fiber material has been converted to boron carbide.
22. The article of claim 21 , wherein the boron carbide fiber has been substantially fully converted to boron carbide, having a density ranging from 2.35 g/mL to 2.46 g/mL.