Stage zone heating of hydrocarbon bearing materials
Systems for heating a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material to produce hydrocarbons therefrom can involve heating multiple zones of the body of material sequentially. An exemplary system can include a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material having a lower zone and an upper zone. A lower heating conduit can be embedded in the lower zone, while an upper heating conduit is embedded in the upper zone. A collection conduit is embedded in the upper zone at a location above the upper heating conduit. A lower heating valve is also operatively associated with the lower heating conduit and is capable of switchably flowing a heat transfer fluid through the lower heating conduit. An upper heating valve is operatively associated with the upper heating conduit and capable of switchably flowing the heat transfer fluid through the upper heating conduit. The lower heating valve and upper heating valve are also configured to sequentially flow the heat transfer fluid through the lower heating conduit and then through the upper heating conduit or through the upper heating conduit and then through the lower heating conduit.
1. A system for heating a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material to produce hydrocarbons therefrom, comprising:
a body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material having a lower zone and an upper zone;
a lower heating conduit embedded in the lower zone;
an upper heating conduit embedded in the upper zone;
a collection conduit embedded in the upper zone at a location above the upper heating conduit;
a lower heating valve operatively associated with the lower heating conduit and capable of switchably flowing a heat transfer fluid through the lower heating conduit; and
an upper heating valve operatively associated with the upper heating conduit and capable of switchably flowing the heat transfer fluid through the upper heating conduit;
wherein the lower heating valve and upper heating valve are configured to sequentially flow the heat transfer fluid through the lower heating conduit and then through the upper heating conduit or through the upper heating conduit and then through the lower heating conduit.
2. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lower heating conduit and upper heating conduit are closed loop heating conduits configured to heat the body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material by indirect heating.
3. The system of claim 1 , wherein the lower heating conduit and upper heating conduits are injection conduits configured to heat the body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material by injecting the heat transfer fluid into the body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material.
4. The system of claim 3 , wherein the lower heating conduit and upper heating conduits comprise perforations, each perforation having a total area less than a cross sectional area of the conduits.
5. The system of claim 1 , further comprising an impoundment encapsulating the body of crushed hydrocarbonaceous material, wherein the impoundment comprises earthen materials.
6. The system of claim 5 , wherein the impoundment comprises a barrier layer formed at least partially of swelling clay.
7. The system of claim 5 , wherein the impoundment has a top plan surface area from about 0.5 acre to about 10 acres.
8. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a boiler/super-heater operatively associated with the lower and upper heating conduits, wherein the boiler/super-heater is configured to supply steam as the heat transfer fluid.
9. The system of claim 1 , further comprising a separator operatively associated with the collection conduit, wherein the separator is configured to supply non-condensable gases as the heat transfer fluid.