Granted Patent B2

US 10,210,358 · App. 15/665,046 · Granted Feb 19, 2019

Inventor: Shahriar Rokhsaz (Austin, TX)

Assignee: RFMicron, Inc.

G06K7/10366G06K7/10316G06K7/10346G06K19/0716G06K19/0723H03J3/20H04B5/0037H03J2200/10

Abstract

Claims (90)

1. A radio frequency identification (RFID) tag comprises:

an antenna operable to receive a radio frequency (RF) signal, wherein the RF signal has a carrier frequency of a plurality of carrier frequencies, wherein the plurality of frequencies spans a broad frequency band;

a tank circuit coupled to the antenna, wherein an input impedance of the RFID tag is based on one or more of impedance of the antenna and impedance of the tank circuit; and

a tuning circuit operably coupled to adjust, in increments, the input impedance until a substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal is achieved, wherein the substantially maximum power level corresponds to the carrier frequency being substantially equal to a resonant frequency of at least one of the antenna and the tank circuit.

2. The RFID tag of claim 1 , wherein the tuning circuit is further operable to adjust the input impedance by:

providing a control signal to the tank circuit, wherein, based on the control signal, the tank circuit produces an adjusted tank circuit impedance;

determining a most recent power level of the received RF signal with the tank circuit having the adjusted tank circuit impedance;

comparing the most recent power level with one or more previous power levels of the received RF signal, wherein a previous power level of the one or more previous power levels is determined with the tank circuit having a previously adjusted tank circuit impedance, wherein the tuning circuit provided a previous control signal to the tank circuit causing the tank circuit to produce the previously adjusted tank circuit impedance; and

selecting one of a plurality of control signals that corresponds to the received RF signal having a most favorable power level to adjust the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal, wherein the plurality of control signals includes the control signal and the previous control signal.

3. The RFID tag of claim 1 , wherein the tuning circuit is further operable to adjust the input impedance by:

decreasing the impedance of the tank circuit to produce an adjusted input impedance;

determining a most recent power level of the received RF signal based on the adjusted input impedance;

comparing the most recent power level with a previous power level of the received RF signal; and

when the most recent power level is lower than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

4. The RFID tag of claim 3 further comprises:

when the most recent power level is greater than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

5. The RFID tag of claim 1 , wherein the tuning circuit is further operable to adjust the input impedance by:

increasing the impedance of the tank circuit to produce an adjusted input impedance;

determining a most recent power level of the received RF signal based on the adjusted input impedance;

comparing the most recent power level with a previous power level of the received RF signal; and

when the most recent power level is lower than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

6. The RFID tag of claim 5 further comprises:

when the most recent power level is greater than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

7. The RFID tag of claim 1 , wherein the tank circuit comprises:

an inductor; and

a variable capacitor, wherein the tuning circuit is operable to adjust the variable capacitor.

8. The RFID tag of claim 1 , wherein the tank circuit comprises:

a capacitor; and

a variable inductor, wherein the tuning circuit is operable to adjust the variable inductor.

9. The RFID tag of claim 1 further comprises:

a regulator operable to convert the received RF signal into a power supply voltage that powers the tuning circuit.

10. The RFID tag of claim 1 , wherein the tuning circuit comprises:

a reference circuit operable to generate a power reference of the received RF signal;

a comparison circuit operable to compare a current power reference of a current power level of the received RF signal with a previous power reference of a previous power level of the received RF signal; and

control signal circuit operable coupled to generate a control signal based on the comparing of the current power reference with a previous power reference.

11. The RFID tag of claim 10 further comprises:

the reference circuit including a voltage regulator to produce a current voltage as the current power reference and a previous voltage as the previous power reference;

the comparison circuit including:

a differentiator operable to determine a polarity change between the current voltage and the previous voltage;

a selector operable to generate an up signal or a down signal based on the polarity change; and

the control signal circuit including a ramp circuit operable to generate the control signal based on the up signal or the down signal.

12. The RFID tag of claim 10 further comprises:

the reference circuit including:

a rectifier operable to rectify the received RF signal to produce a rectified signal; and

a low pass filter operable to filter the rectified signal to produce the power reference;

the comparison circuit including:

a sample & hold circuit operable to sample and hold the power reference, wherein an input to the sample & hold circuit corresponds to the current power reference and an output of the sample & hold circuit corresponds to the previous power reference;

a comparator operable to compare the current power reference with the previous power reference to produce a comparative output; and

a latch operable to temporarily store the comparative output; and

the control signal circuit including a shift register operable to generate the control signal from the latched comparative output.

13. A method for execution by a radio frequency identification (RFID) tag, the method comprises:

receiving, from an RFID reader, a radio frequency (RF) signal, wherein the RF signal has a carrier frequency of a plurality of carrier frequencies, wherein the plurality of frequencies spans a broad frequency band;

adjusting input impedance of the RFID tag over a range of input impedances, wherein the input impedance of the RFID tag is based on one or more of impedance of an antenna of the RFID tag and impedance of a tank circuit of the RFID tag;

monitoring power level of the received RF signal over the range of input impedances; and

selecting the input impedance of the range of input impedances providing a substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal, wherein the substantially maximum power level corresponds to the carrier frequency being substantially equal to a resonant frequency of at least one of the antenna and the tank circuit.

14. The method of claim 13 , wherein the selecting the input impedance of the range of input impedances further comprises:

providing a control signal to the tank circuit, wherein, based on the control signal, the tank circuit produces an adjusted tank circuit impedance;

determining a most recent power level of the received RF signal with the tank circuit having the adjusted tank circuit impedance;

comparing the most recent power level with one or more previous power levels of the received RF signal, wherein a previous power level of the one or more previous power levels is determined with the tank circuit having a previously adjusted tank circuit impedance, wherein a previous control signal was provided to the tank circuit causing the tank circuit to produce the previously adjusted tank circuit impedance; and

selecting one of a plurality of control signals that corresponds to the received RF signal having a most favorable power level to adjust the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal, wherein the plurality of control signals includes the control signal and the previous control signal.

15. The method of claim 13 , wherein the selecting the input impedance of the range of input impedances further comprises:

decreasing the impedance of the tank circuit to produce an adjusted input impedance;

determining a most recent power level of the received RF signal based on the adjusted input impedance;

comparing the most recent power level with a previous power level of the received RF signal; and

when the most recent power level is lower than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

16. The method of claim 15 further comprises:

when the most recent power level is greater than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

17. The method of claim 13 , wherein the selecting the input impedance of the range of input impedances further comprises:

increasing the impedance of the tank circuit to produce an adjusted input impedance;

determining a most recent power level of the received RF signal based on the adjusted input impedance;

comparing the most recent power level with a previous power level of the received RF signal; and

when the most recent power level is lower than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

18. The method of claim 17 further comprises:

when the most recent power level is greater than the previous power level:

incrementally adjusting the impedance of the tank circuit while corresponding incremental power levels of the received RF signal are increasing; and

when a current incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels is less than an immediately preceding incremental power level of the corresponding incremental power levels, utilizing the adjusted impedance of the tank circuit corresponding to the immediately preceding incremental power level as the adjustment of the input impedance to produce the substantially maximum power level of the received RF signal.

Assignments (3)

Continuity (23)