Methods, device and apparatus for evaluating electrical current threat effects at joints
A method and device is disclosed for measuring one or more physical properties of, and/or induced by, out-gassing products released from and/or trapped within a joint in response to a lightning strike or other electrical current threat. A device for measuring one or more physical properties of, and/or induced by, gases, plasma and/or particles released from a joint in response to an electrical current threat. The joint includes a fastener passing through a structure so that an end of the fastener protrudes from the structure. The device includes a containment member having a base surrounding an opening into a cavity, the containment member being arranged to be mounted over the end of the fastener to enclose the end of the fastener within the cavity and to seal the opening; and one or more sensors arranged to measure physical properties of gases, plasma and/or particles contained by the cavity.
1. A device configured for measuring one or more physical properties of, and/or induced by, gases, plasma and/or particles released from a joint in response to an electrical current threat, the joint comprising a fastener passing through a structure so that an end of the fastener protrudes from the structure, the device comprising:
a containment member having a base surrounding an opening into a cavity, the containment member being arranged to be mounted over the end of the fastener to enclose the end of the fastener within the cavity and to seal the opening; and
one or more sensors configured to measure: one or more physical properties of electrically induced gases, plasma and/or particles contained by the cavity; and/or one or more physical properties of the containment member induced by gases, plasma and/or particles contained by the cavity.
2. A device according to claim 1 , wherein the one or more sensors comprise: a pressure sensor in fluid communication with the cavity and arranged to measure a pressure within the cavity; a temperature gauge arranged to measure a temperature or temperature distribution of the containment member; and/or a light sensor arranged to measure a light emitted within the cavity.
3. Apparatus for measuring one or more physical properties of, and/or induced by, gases, plasma and/or particles released from a joint in response to an electrical current threat, the apparatus comprising:
a joint comprising a fastener passing through a structure so that an end of the fastener protrudes from the structure;
a device according to claim 1 ; and
means for delivering an electrical current representative of the electrical current threat to the fastener,
wherein the containment member of the device is installed over the end of the fastener so as to enclose the end of the fastener within the cavity and to seal the opening.
4. Apparatus according to claim 3 , comprising a recording device arranged to record changes in the measured one or more physical properties over time.
5. Apparatus according to claim 3 , wherein the joint comprises a test assembly representative of a joint of an aircraft fuel tank.
6. A method of measuring one or more physical properties of, and/or induced by, gases, plasma and/or particles released from a joint in response to an electrical current threat, the joint comprising a fastener passing through a structure so that an end of the fastener protrudes from the structure, the method including the steps of:
enclosing the end of the fastener within the cavity of a device according to claim 1 and sealing the opening;
delivering an electrical current representative of the electrical current threat to the fastener; and
measuring: one or more physical properties of gases, plasma and/or particles released from the joint in response to the applied current and contained within the sealed cavity; and/or one or more physical properties of the containment member induced by the gases, plasma and/or particles.
7. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the measuring step includes measuring changes in the one or more physical properties over time.
8. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the one or more physical properties includes: a pressure within the sealed cavity; a temperature or temperature distribution of the containment member; a light emitted within the sealed cavity; and/or a material distribution of gases, plasma and/or particles contained within the sealed cavity.
9. A method according to claim 6 , wherein the joint comprises a test assembly representative of a joint of an aircraft fuel tank.
10. A method according to claim 9 , wherein the sealed cavity is representative of a sealed cavity of a cap enclosing an end of a fastener at the joint of the aircraft fuel tank.
11. A device configured for measuring one or more physical properties of, and/or induced by, gases, plasma and/or particles released from a joint in response to an electrical current threat, the joint comprising a fastener passing through a structure so that an end of the fastener protrudes from the structure, the device comprising:
a containment member having a base surrounding an opening into a cavity, the containment member being arranged to be mounted over the end of the fastener to enclose the end of the fastener within the cavity and to seal the opening; and
one or more sensors embedded in the containment member to measure: one or more physical properties of gases, plasma and/or particles contained by the cavity; and/or one or more physical properties of the containment member induced by gases, plasma and/or particles contained by the cavity.
12. The device of claim 11 , wherein the containment member comprises one or more channels each configured to receive one of the sensors therewithin.