Porous Nafion membrane and method for preparing the same
Provided are a method for preparing a Nafion membrane having a through-pore free monolithic porous structure throughout the bulk of the membrane through a one-step process very easily and a Nafion membrane having a through-pore free monolithic porous structure obtained from the method. The Nafion membrane having such a porous structure may have an increased surface area, and thus may improve the membrane/catalyst interfacial area and transport characteristics.
1. A porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane, consisting essentially of:
a surface; and
a whole inner part,
wherein the surface and the whole inner part of the sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane comprised of a monolithic porous structure, and the monolithic porous structure is a through-pore free structure,
wherein open pores are distributed on both surfaces of the membrane and closed pores are distributed throughout the whole inner part of the membrane.
2. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein all pores of the monolithic porous structure show a pore size deviation within +100% and −98% from average pore size of the monolithic porous structure.
3. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the monolithic porous structure has the largest pore diameter (LPD) not exceeding twice of the 90% average pore diameter (APD 90 ).
4. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the monolithic porous structure has pores less than 20% of which are connected and 80% or more of which are not connected but separated from each other.
5. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the porous Nafion membrane is an opaque white membrane.
6. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the monolithic porous structure is obtained by a solvent evaporation process.
7. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane further comprises an additive that is an inorganic material, organometallic compound or a mixture thereof.
8. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 7 , wherein the additive is at least one selected from the group consisting of TiO 2 , SiO 2 , CeO 2 , Pt, Pd, copper (II) phthalocyanin tetrasulfonic acid and copper (II) phthalocyanin tetrasulfonic acid tetrasodium salt.
9. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane further comprises an ion conductive polymer membrane formed thereon.
10. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 9 , wherein the ion conductive polymer membrane is a second sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane having an ion exchange capacity different from the ion exchange capacity of sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer in the porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane; sulfonated polysulfone membrane; PBI membrane; or an anion conductive polymer membrane.
11. The porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane according to claim 1 , wherein the porous sulfonated tetrafluoroethylene polymer membrane is for use in a fuel cell, sensor, electrolytic cell, redox flow batteries, gas separator or a humidifier.