In-line filter having mutually compensating inductive and capacitive coupling
An in-line resonator filter has a linear array of three or more conductors. A first pair of adjacent conductors has inductive main coupling and oppositely signed capacitive main coupling, while a second pair of non-adjacent conductors has inductive cross-coupling. The first and second pairs have one conductor in common. Between the second pair of non-adjacent conductors, there is no direct ohmic connection that provides the corresponding inductive cross-coupling. The oppositely signed capacitive main coupling compensates for at least a portion of the inductive main coupling between the first pair of adjacent conductors. The in-line resonator filter is able to provide one or more transmission zeros without requiring any discrete bypass connectors that provide direct ohmic connection between pairs of non-adjacent conductors. As such, the in-line resonator filters can be smaller, less complex, and less susceptible to damage.
1. An in-line resonator filter comprising a linear array of three or more conductors, the linear array comprising:
a first pair of adjacent conductors having inductive main coupling and oppositely signed capacitive main coupling;
a second pair of non-adjacent conductors having inductive cross-coupling; and
one or more conducting connectors, each connecting the bases of two adjacent conductors, wherein:
the first and second pairs have one conductor in common;
between the second pair of non-adjacent conductors, there is no direct ohmic connection that provides the corresponding inductive cross-coupling; and
at least a portion of the oppositely signed capacitive main coupling compensates for at least a portion of the inductive main coupling between the first pair of adjacent conductors,
wherein each conductor comprises:
a high-impedance base that is shorted to a bottom ground plane of the in-line resonator filter; and
a low-impedance, shaped head that does not contact a top ground plane of the in-line resonator filter.
2. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein at least two of the conductors in the linear array have different shapes.
3. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein the linear array is asymmetric.
4. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein the in-line resonator filter has one or more transmission zeros.
5. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein there are no intervening walls between adjacent conductors.
6. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein the shaped heads of two or more conductors are different.
7. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , comprising a plurality of the conducting connectors at two or more different heights.
8. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , further comprising one or more tuning elements, each extending from a ground plane of the in-line resonator filter.
9. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein distances are different between different pairs of adjacent conductors.
10. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein the oppositely signed capacitive main coupling substantially completely compensates for the inductive main coupling between the first pair of adjacent conductors.
11. The in-line resonator filter of claim 1 , wherein:
a first I/O port of the in-line resonator filter is connected to a first conductor in the linear array; and
a second I/O port of the in-line resonator filter is connected to a second conductor in the linear array.
12. The in-line resonator filter of claim 11 , wherein:
a third I/O port of the in-line resonator filter is connected to at least two other conductors in the linear array.
13. An in-line resonator filter comprising a linear array of three or more conductors, the linear array comprising:
a first pair of adjacent conductors having inductive main coupling and oppositely signed capacitive main coupling;
a second pair of non-adjacent conductors having inductive cross-coupling, wherein:
the first and second pairs have one conductor in common;
between the second pair of non-adjacent conductors, there is no direct ohmic connection that provides the corresponding inductive cross-coupling; and
at least a portion of the oppositely signed capacitive main coupling compensates for at least a portion of the inductive main coupling between the first pair of adjacent conductors,
wherein coupling between every other adjacent pair of conductors in the linear array is negligible or zero,
wherein:
a first input/output (I/O) port of the in-line resonator filter is connected to a first conductor in the linear array; and
a second I/O port of the in-line resonator filter is connected to a last conductor in the linear array.
14. The in-line resonator filter of claim 13 , wherein:
a third I/O port of the in-line resonator filter is connected to an intermediate conductor in the linear array.
15. An in-line resonator filter comprising a linear array of three or more conductors, the linear array comprising:
a first pair of adjacent conductors having inductive main coupling and oppositely signed capacitive main coupling;
a second pair of non-adjacent conductors having inductive cross-coupling, wherein:
the first and second pairs have one conductor in common;
between the second pair of non-adjacent conductors, there is no direct ohmic connection that provides the corresponding inductive cross-coupling; and
at least a portion of the oppositely signed capacitive main coupling compensates for at least a portion of the inductive main coupling between the first pair of adjacent conductors,
wherein:
all inter-conductor coupling in the linear array is negligible or zero;
each conductor in the linear array is connected to a corresponding non-resonating node of an external network via a corresponding ohmic connection; and
first and second I/O ports of the in-line resonator filter are respectively connected to first and last non-resonating nodes of the external network.
16. An in-line resonator filter comprising a linear array of three or more conductors, the linear array comprising:
a first pair of adjacent conductors having inductive main coupling and oppositely signed capacitive main coupling;
a second pair of non-adjacent conductors having inductive cross-coupling, wherein:
the first and second pairs have one conductor in common;
between the second pair of non-adjacent conductors, there is no direct ohmic connection that provides the corresponding inductive cross-coupling; and
at least a portion of the oppositely signed capacitive main coupling compensates for at least a portion of the inductive main coupling between the first pair of adjacent conductors,
wherein:
all inter-conductor coupling in the linear array is negligible or zero;
each conductor in the linear array is connected to both first and second I/O ports of the in-line resonator filter.