Systems and methods for a cooled nitric oxide generator
Systems and methods for a nitric oxide (NO) generation system are provided. In particular, the present disclosure provide an NO generation system that is configured to be cooled to maintain an NO generator of the system at or below temperatures safe for patient use and contact. In some non-limiting examples, the NO generation system may include a pump configured to furnish a fluid (e.g., a gas) toward and/or through the NO generator to provide cooling thereto.
1. A nitric oxide (NO) generation system comprising:
a nitric oxide generator including:
a housing including a first end and a generally open second end;
a pair of electrodes enclosed within the housing; and
a reaction chamber defined between the pair of electrodes and the housing;
a scavenger housing including a scavenger and a filter arranged therein, wherein the scavenger housing is configured to be removably attached to the second end of the housing;
a power supply connected to the pair of electrodes;
a pump configured to provide fluid flow;
a controller in communication with the pump and the power supply, wherein the controller is configured to selectively instruct the power supply to provide power to the pair of electrodes to generate one or more electric discharges therebetween to generate nitric oxide within the reaction chamber;
and
a flow tube configured to provide fluid communication between the pump and the reaction chamber, wherein the fluid flow provided from the pump to the reaction chamber is configured to cool the nitric oxide generator and aid in diffusion of the generated nitric oxide from the reaction chamber.
2. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the pair of electrodes comprise at least one of tungsten carbide, carbon, iridium, titanium, rhenium, and platinum.
3. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the pair of electrodes comprise iridium.
4. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the scavenger is fabricated from calcium hydroxide.
5. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the scavenger is configured to control an amount of undesired byproducts from the one or more electric discharges between the pair of electrodes.
6. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the power supply comprises a resonant power supply.
7. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the scavenger housing further comprises a second filter, and wherein the scavenger is arranged between the filter and the second filter.
8. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 7 , wherein the filter and the second filter are each configured to filter particles with a diameter greater than approximately 0.22 micrometers.
9. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 7 , wherein the filter and the second filter each comprise a HEPA filter.
10. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 7 , wherein the filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of an airway of a patient and to prevent granular scavenger from entering the reaction chamber, and the second filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of the airway of the patient.
11. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the second end of the housing includes a second filter coupled thereto.
12. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 11 , wherein the filter and the second filter are each configured to filter particles with a diameter greater than approximately 0.22 micrometers.
13. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 11 , wherein the filter and the second filter each comprise a HEPA filter.
14. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 11 , wherein the filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of an airway of a patient and to prevent granular scavenger from entering the reaction chamber, and the second filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of the airway of the patient.
15. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , further comprising a temperature sensor arranged to measure at least one of a temperature of the nitric oxide generator and a temperature of nitric oxide-laden gas output from the scavenger housing.
16. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 15 , wherein the controller is further configured to selectively control a fluid flow rate provided by the pump in response to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
17. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the controller is configured to detect an inspiration event.
18. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 17 , wherein the controller is further configured to instruct the power supply to provide power to the pair of electrodes to generate one or more electric discharges therebetween in response to the detection of the inspiration event.
19. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 18 , wherein the controller is further configured to instruct the power supply to provide power to the pair of electrodes for a predetermined amount of time.
20. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the scavenger weighs less than approximately 2 grams.
21. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the scavenger weighs less than 1 gram.
22. The nitric oxide generation system of claim 1 , wherein the scavenger weighs approximately 0.8 grams.
23. An apparatus for generating nitric oxide (NO) comprising:
a housing including a first end, a generally open second end, and a cavity arranged between the first end and the second end;
a pair of electrodes arranged within the cavity of the housing;
a reaction chamber defined between the pair of electrodes and the housing, wherein the pair of electrodes are configured to generate one or more electric discharges therebetween to generate nitric oxide within the reaction chamber;
a scavenger housing including a scavenger and a filter arranged therein, wherein the scavenger housing is configured to be removably attached to the second end of the housing; and
a flow tube extending through the housing and into the reaction chamber to provide fluid communication between a pump and the reaction chamber, wherein fluid flow provided from the pump to the reaction chamber is configured to cool the nitric oxide generator and aid in diffusion of the generated nitric oxide from the reaction chamber.
24. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the pair of electrodes comprise at least one of tungsten carbide, carbon, iridium, titanium, rhenium, and platinum.
25. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the pair of electrodes comprise iridium.
26. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the scavenger is fabricated from calcium hydroxide.
27. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the scavenger is configured to control an amount of undesired byproducts from the one or more electric discharges between the pair of electrodes.
28. The apparatus of claim 23 , further comprising a power supply connected to the pair of electrodes, and wherein the power supply comprises a resonant power supply.
29. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the scavenger housing further comprises a second filter, and wherein the scavenger is arranged between the filter and the second filter.
30. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the filter and the second filter are each configured to filter particles with a diameter greater than approximately 0.22 micrometers.
31. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the filter and the second filter each comprise a HEPA filter.
32. The apparatus of claim 29 , wherein the filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of an airway of a patient and to prevent granular scavenger from entering the reaction chamber, and the second filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of the airway of the patient.
33. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the second end of the housing includes a second filter coupled thereto.
34. The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the filter and the second filter are each configured to filter particles with a diameter greater than approximately 0.22 micrometers.
35. The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the filter and the second filter each comprise a HEPA filter.
36. The apparatus of claim 33 , wherein the filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of an airway of a patient and to prevent granular scavenger from entering the reaction chamber, and the second filter is configured to filter electrode particles upstream of the airway of the patient.
37. The apparatus of claim 23 , further comprising a temperature sensor arranged to measure at least one of a temperature of the nitric oxide generator and a temperature of nitric oxide-laden gas output from the scavenger housing.
38. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein a controller is configured to selectively control a fluid flow rate provided by the pump in response to the temperature measured by the temperature sensor.
39. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein a controller is configured to detect an inspiration event.
40. The apparatus of claim 39 , wherein the controller is further configured to instruct a power supply to provide power to the pair of electrodes to generate one or more electric discharges therebetween in response to the detection of the inspiration event.
41. The apparatus of claim 40 , wherein the controller is further configured to instruct the power supply to provide power to the pair of electrodes for a predetermined amount of time.
42. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the scavenger weighs less than approximately 2 grams.
43. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the scavenger weighs less than 1 gram.
44. The apparatus of claim 23 , wherein the scavenger weighs approximately 0.8 grams.