Thermoplastic vulcanizates and method of making the same
Described herein are thermoplastic vulcanizates comprising thermoplastic resin, an at least partially vulcanized rubber dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, and process oil. The process oil in the thermoplastic vulcanizate may be selected from extension oil, free oil, curative-in-oil, and/or combination thereof. At least a portion of the process oil in the thermoplastic vulcanizate is a low aromatic/sulfur content oil and has an aromatic content of less than 5 wt %, and a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %, based on the weight of that portion of the process oil. The thermoplastic vulcanizate exhibits improved gravimetric fogging properties.
1. A thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising the dynamically vulcanized product of thermoplastic resin, rubber, process oil, and vulcanizing agent, wherein the vulcanizing agent comprises a phenolic resin,
wherein the process oil is selected from extension oil, free oil, phenolic resin-in-oil, and combinations thereof,
wherein all of the process oil has, based on the weight of the process oil,
(i) an aromatic content of less than 5 wt %, and
(ii) a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %, and
wherein the process oil includes the phenolic resin-in-oil, wherein the process oil in the phenolic resin-in-oil has an aromatic concentration of less than 1.5 wt % and a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %; and
wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate has a gravimetric fogging, as measured by DIN 17501B, of less than 1 milligrams.
2. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , wherein the process oil has an aromatic content of less than 3.5 wt % based on the weight of the process oil.
3. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , wherein the process oil has a sulfur content of less than 0.003 wt % based on the weight of the process oil.
4. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , wherein the process oil has a percentage of aromatic carbon, as determined by ASTM D2140, of less than 2%.
5. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , wherein the weight ratio of process oil to rubber is from 0.5:1 to 2:1.
6. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate comprises from 5 wt % to 85 wt % of the thermoplastic resin; and from 15 wt % to 95 wt % of the rubber, based on the total weight of the thermoplastic resin and the rubber.
7. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , wherein the phenolic resin-in-oil comprises vulcanizing agent in an amount of 0.1 to 10 parts by weight per 100 parts by weight of the rubber.
8. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 , wherein the gravimetric fogging of the thermoplastic vulcanizate is at least 10% lower than a comparative thermoplastic vulcanizate that is identical in terms of the constituents except that at least a portion of the process oil of the comparative thermoplastic vulcanizate has an aromatic content of greater than 5 wt % and / or a sulfur content greater than 0.03 wt %.
9. A thermoplastic vulcanizate comprising thermoplastic resin, an at least partially vulcanized rubber dispersed in the thermoplastic resin, and process oil,
wherein the process oil comprises extension oil, free oil, and phenolic resin-in-oil,
wherein all of the process oil has, based on the weight of the process oil,
(i) an aromatic content of less than 5 wt %, and
(ii) a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %,
wherein the process oil includes the phenolic resin-in-oil, wherein the process oil in the phenolic resin-in-oil has an aromatic concentration of less than 1.5 wt % and a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %; and
and wherein the weight ratio of process oil to the rubber is from 0.5:1 to 2:1.
10. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 9 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate has a gravimetric fogging, as measured by DIN 17501B, of less than 1 milligram.
11. The thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 9 , wherein the oil in the curative-in-oil has a percentage of aromatic carbon, as determined by ASTM D2140, of less than 2%.
12. A method for making a thermoplastic vulcanizate composition, the method comprising the steps of:
(a) providing thermoplastic resin, rubber, a vulcanizing agent, and process oil, wherein the vulcanizing agent comprises a phenolic resin, the process oil being selected from extension oil, free oil, a phenolic resin-in-oil, and combinations thereof;
(b) dynamically vulcanizing the rubber with the vulcanizing agent in the presence of the thermoplastic resin and at least a portion of the process oil,
wherein the process oil contains, based on the weight of the process oil,
(i) an aromatic content of less than 5 wt %, and
(ii) a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %; and
wherein the process oil includes the phenolic resin-in-oil, wherein the process oil in the phenolic resin-in-oil has an aromatic concentration of less than 1.5 wt % and a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %.
13. The method of claim 12 , wherein the weight ratio of the process oil to the rubber is from 0.5:1 to 2:1.
14. The method of claim 12 , wherein the thermoplastic vulcanizate has a gravimetric fogging, as measured by DIN 17501B, of less than 2 milligrams.
15. An article comprising a part made of the thermoplastic vulcanizate of claim 1 .
16. A method of improving fogging property of a thermoplastic vulcanizate, the method comprising dynamically vulcanizing rubber in the presence of thermoplastic resin and process oil,
wherein the process oil comprises extension oil, free oil, and phenolic resin-in-oil,
wherein the phenolic resin-in-oil has, based on the weight of the phenolic resin-in-oil, has
(i) an aromatic content of less than 5 wt %; and
(ii) a sulfur content of less than 0.03 wt %,
wherein the gravimetric fogging of the thermoplastic vulcanizate, as measured by DIN 17501B, is at least 10% lower than that of a comparative thermoplastic vulcanizate that is made from a composition which is identical in terms of the constituents except that the phenolic resin-in-oil has an aromatic content of greater than 1.5 wt % and/or a sulfur content greater than 0.03 wt %.